Option 1: Indian Navy - The Indian Navy primarily focuses on the defense and security of India`s maritime borders. While they may partake in environmental conservation efforts, Operation Olivia, specifically aimed at protecting Olive Ridley turtles, is not undertaken by the Indian Navy.

Option 2: Indian Coast Guard - The Indian Coast Guard is responsible for the protection and management of India`s coastal areas. They play a crucial role in safeguarding marine biodiversity and enforcing environmental laws at sea. Operation Olivia is indeed undertaken by the Indian Coast Guard, as it specifically targets the conservation of Olive Ridley turtles.

Option 3: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change - This ministry is responsible for formulating and implementing policies related to environmental protection, forest conservation, and climate change. While they may support initiatives like Operation Olivia, the direct implementation and execution of the operation are not undertaken by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.

Option 4: Ministry of Earth Sciences - The Ministry of Earth Sciences primarily focuses on scientific research related to weather, climate, oceans, and geosciences. Operation Olivia, which is centered around the protection of Olive Ridley turtles, is not a part of their jurisdiction.

The correct answer is option 2, Indian Coast Guard, as they are responsible for undertaking Operation Olivia