The Partition of Bengal was an administrative reorganization of the Bengal Province of British India that was announced by Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India, in 1905. The province of Bengal was one of the largest provinces of British India, which included present-day Bangladesh, West Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha.

The partition involved dividing the province of Bengal into two parts: the Muslim-majority Eastern Bengal and Assam, and the Hindu-majority Western Bengal. The move was seen as an attempt to weaken the growing Indian nationalist movement by dividing the population along religious lines. The partition was met with strong protests and agitations by Indian nationalists, who saw it as a deliberate attempt to create communal tension and divide the people.

The partition lasted for almost a decade, during which time there were widespread protests and agitations against it. However, with the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, Indian troops were needed by the British, and the partition was finally ended in 1911, as it was deemed to be no longer necessary for the administration of the region. King George V abrogated Curzon`s Act at the Royal Durbar in Delhi in 1911, which marked the formal end of the partition.

The partition of Bengal was a significant event in the Indian nationalist movement, as it helped to galvanize opposition to British colonial rule and brought the issue of communalism to the fore. The partition also paved the way for the eventual creation of East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) in 1947, which was part of the larger partition of India that led to the creation of India and Pakistan as independent nations.