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Q16 (CDS-I/2019) Science & Technology › Basic Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) › Basic chemical principles Answer Verified

The PCI5 molecule has trigonal bipyramidal structure. Therefore, the hybridization of p orbitals should be

Result
Your answer: —  Â·  Correct: D
Explanation

The phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) molecule features a central phosphorus atom bonded to five chlorine atoms. In its ground state, phosphorus has the electronic configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p3. To form five covalent bonds, one electron from the 3s orbital is promoted to a vacant 3d orbital, resulting in an excited state configuration of 3s1 3p3 3d1. These five atomic orbitals (one s, three p, and one d) undergo intermixing to form five equivalent hybrid orbitals. This process is known as sp3d hybridization, which results in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry with bond angles of 90° and 120°. While the notation 'dsp3' is sometimes used in coordination chemistry for inner orbital complexes, 'sp3d' is the standard representation for PCl5 as it utilizes the outer 3d orbitals.

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