The correct answer is option 2, a criminal proceeding. Article 226 of the Indian Constitution provides the power to the High Courts to issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights. In cases where a person has been detained unlawfully, a petition can be filed under Article 226 to challenge the detention. This means that the proceeding is related to a criminal act of unlawful detention.

Option 1, a civil proceeding, is not correct because a civil proceeding generally involves disputes between private individuals or entities, not criminal matters.

Option 3, a judicial proceeding, is not entirely incorrect as the proceeding does take place in the judiciary, but it specifically relates to criminal matters.

Option 4, a statutory proceeding, is not correct because the proceeding is not based on a specific statute or law, but rather on the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution.