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With reference to Dhrupad, one of the Major traditions of India that has been kept alive for centuries, which of the following statements are correct? 1. Dhrupad originated and developed in the Rajput kingdoms during the Mughal period. 2. Dhrupad is primarily a devotional and spiritual music. 3. Dhrupad Alap uses Sanskrit syllables from Mantras. Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Explanation
Dhrupad is one of India's oldest classical music traditions, primarily characterized by its devotional and spiritual nature. Historically, it was performed in Hindu temples as an offering to deities before gaining royal patronage. While it flourished in the Mughal period under rulers like Akbar and in Rajput courts like Gwalior under Raja Man Singh Tomar, it did not originate there; its roots trace back to ancient temple traditions and the Sama Veda. Statement 1 is thus incorrect as it predates the Mughal era. Statement 2 is correct as it remains a medium for spiritual reflection and submission. Statement 3 is correct because the 'Nom Tom' alap uses syllables like 'Ri', 'Na', and 'Num', which are derived from Sanskrit mantras such as 'Hari Om Ananta Narayan'. Therefore, only statements 2 and 3 are correct.