The correct answer is option 1, Lord Chelmsford. The Rowlatt Act was enacted in 1919 during Lord Chelmsford`s tenure as the Viceroy of India. This act was named after Sir Sidney Rowlatt, a British judge who drafted the legislation. The act gave the British government extensive powers to suppress political dissent in India, including the ability to detain individuals without trial and curtail civil liberties. It was a highly controversial and oppressive law, which led to widespread protests and strikes across the country. The Rowlatt Act was one of the key events that fueled the Indian independence movement and eventually led to the non-cooperation and civil disobedience movements led by Mahatma Gandhi.