Soil factors, also known as edaphic factors, refer to the specific characteristics and properties of the soil that influence its fertility and suitability for plant growth. Edaphic factors include the physical composition of the soil, such as its texture, structure, and moisture content, as well as the chemical properties, including nutrient availability, pH level, and organic matter content. These factors directly affect the ability of plants to access water and essential nutrients, and also influence the soil`s ability to retain moisture and support root development. Biotic factors, on the other hand, refer to the living organisms in the soil, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, and their interactions with each other. Physiographic factors relate to the physical features of the landscape, while climatic factors pertain to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area.