The correct answer is option 1: Pedocals. Pedocals are soils that are rich in calcium. These soils typically form in arid and semi-arid regions where evaporation exceeds precipitation. The calcium content in pedocals is usually high due to the accumulation of calcium carbonate, which is commonly found in the form of limestone or chalk. This high calcium content gives the soil a characteristic alkaline pH. Pedocals are typically found in regions with dry climates, such as desert areas, and they support the growth of vegetation adapted to these conditions. It is important to note that while option 2 (Pedalfers) refers to soils rich in aluminum and iron, option 3 (Podsols) refers to soils found in cool, humid regions, and option 4 (Laterites) refers to highly weathered soils found in tropical areas.