Some Buddhist rock-cut caves are called Chaityas, while the others are called Viharas. What is the difference between the two?

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Q: 11 (IAS/2013)
Some Buddhist rock-cut caves are called Chaityas, while the others are called Viharas. What is the difference between the two?

question_subject: 

History

question_exam: 

IAS

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keywords: 

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The correct answer is:

Chaitya is a place of worship, while Vihara is the dwelling place of the monks.

In Buddhist rock-cut architecture, Chaityas and Viharas are distinct structures with different purposes.

1. Chaitya: A Chaitya is a Buddhist prayer hall or a place of worship. It typically contains a stupa, which is a sacred mound or shrine. The stupa is placed at the far end of the cave, and it serves as the focal point for devotional activities and meditation. The interior of the Chaitya usually has a high ceiling with a ribbed or vaulted roof resembling a wooden structure.

2. Vihara: A Vihara, on the other hand, is a Buddhist monastery or dwelling place for the monks. It consists of a series of cells or rooms carved into the rock face, providing living quarters for the monks. Viharas may also include common areas such as assembly halls, meditation halls, dining halls, and other facilities necessary for the monastic community.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Chaitya is a place of worship, while Vihara is the dwelling place of the monks."