The correct answer is option 1, Doctrine of Lapse. The Doctrine of Lapse was a policy introduced by the British East India Company in the 19th century. According to this policy, if an Indian ruler died without a male heir, their kingdom would be annexed by the British. This policy was implemented in order to expand British control and to prevent the consolidation of power by Indian rulers. The State of Jhansi, ruled by Rani Lakshmi Bai, did not have a male heir and therefore fell under the Doctrine of Lapse. This led to the British annexation of Jhansi and became a part of the British Empire in India.