Statement I : In India tribal movements of nineteenth century resulted out of the process of land displacements and the introduction of forest laws. Statement II : The Indian national movement resolved the problems faced by the tribals.

Statement I is true as nineteenth-century tribal movements were primarily driven by the destruction of traditional land systems and the introduction of colonial forest laws. British land policies favored outsiders, leading to land grabbing by moneylenders and landlords, which sparked revolts like the Kol Uprising (1831-32) and the Santhal Rebellion (1855-56) [3]. The Munda 'Ulgulan' (1899-1900) specifically reacted against the destruction of common land holdings [1]. Statement II is false because, while the Indian national movement eventually incorporated some peasant and tribal grievances—such as during the Non-Cooperation movement and through the All India Kisan Sabha—it did not 'resolve' these problems [3]. Many issues, including land alienation and displacement, persisted into the post-independence era and continue to be central to contemporary tribal struggles [3].

Sources

1. [2] Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: The Colonial Era in India > Tribal uprisings > p. 106
2. [3] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 6: People’s Resistance Against British Before 1857 > Different Causes for Mainland and North-Eastern Tribal Revolts > p. 153
3. [1] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 18: Early Resistance to British Rule > Munda Rebellion > p. 292