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The States of the Indian Union can be re- organised or their boundaries altered by
Explanation
Under Article 3 of the Indian Constitution, the Union Parliament is empowered to form new states and alter the areas, boundaries, or names of existing states [t1][t7]. The procedure requires a Bill to be introduced in either House of Parliament only on the recommendation of the President [t1]. Before recommending the Bill, the President must refer it to the concerned State Legislature for expressing its views within a specified period; however, Parliament is not bound by these views [t1][t10]. Crucially, Article 4(2) specifies that laws made under Article 3 for state reorganization are not to be considered amendments to the Constitution under Article 368 [t1][t4]. Consequently, such legislation can be passed by the Union Parliament through a simple majority in the ordinary process of legislation, rather than requiring a special majority or the formal consent of the states.
Sources
- [1] https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/19151/1/constitution_of_india.pdf