Table sugar is the type of sugar known as sucrose. Sucrose is a disaccharide, meaning it is composed of two sugar molecules bonded together. Specifically, sucrose is made up of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. It is commonly derived from sugar cane or sugar beets.

Fructose, on the other hand, is a monosaccharide commonly found in fruits and honey. It is sweeter than glucose and sucrose. Galactose is another monosaccharide that is found in milk and dairy products. Glucose is a monosaccharide and is a major source of energy for our bodies. It is commonly found in carbohydrates like bread, pasta, and potatoes.

Therefore, table sugar is specifically sucrose, which is made up of glucose and fructose molecules bonded together.