Ten identical particles are moving randomly inside a closed box. What is the probability that at any given point of time all the ten particles will be lying in the same half of the box ?

examrobotsa's picture
Q: 4 (IAS/2005)
Ten identical particles are moving randomly inside a closed box. What is the probability that at any given point of time all the ten particles will be lying in the same half of the box ?

question_subject: 

Maths

question_exam: 

IAS

stats: 

0,2,9,5,2,4,0

keywords: 

{'probability': [0, 3, 3, 0], 'identical particles': [0, 0, 1, 0], 'closed box': [0, 0, 1, 0], 'particles': [1, 0, 5, 16], 'box': [0, 0, 3, 3], 'same half': [0, 0, 1, 0]}

The question is asking for the probability that all ten identical particles inside a box will be found in the same half of the box at any given point of time.

Option 1, 1/2, implies that there is a 50% chance of this happening. However, this value greatly overestimates the probability, as this would mean half the time, all particles are in one half of the box, which is not likely given they are moving randomly.

Option 2, 1/5, is the correct answer. This suggests that there is a 20% probability that all the particles will be confined in one half which seems reasonable.

Option 3, 2/9, suggests there is approximately a 22% chance. Though closer to the actual answer than option 1, it is still an overestimate of the true probability.

Option 4, 2/11, implies a probability of approximately 18%. This value is a slight underestimate of the correct probability.

Given the random nature of particle movement, the chance that all particles miraculously end up in the same half of the box is likely to be relatively low, but not as low as option 4 suggests. Hence, 1/5 is the correct and most reasonable answer