The term Upari refers to which one of the following?

In the Maratha administrative and land revenue system, the term 'Upari' refers to a category of tenant cultivators who did not possess hereditary rights to the land they tilled. Unlike the 'Mirasdars', who held hereditary (miras) proprietary rights, Uparis were essentially 'strangers' or migratory tenants who cultivated land on a temporary basis under a tenancy tenure. They were often brought in to cultivate vacant lands or lands where the original Mirasdar families had become extinct. While Mirasdars paid a fixed land tax and enjoyed permanent occupancy, Uparis held land at the discretion of the state or the village community, often paying a higher share of produce as rent. This distinction was a fundamental feature of the agrarian social structure in the Deccan and Maratha territories during the 17th and 18th centuries.