The Theosophical Society was led by

The Theosophical Society was founded in 1875 in the United States by Madame H.P. Blavatsky and Colonel H.S. Olcott [3]. After moving its headquarters to Adyar, India, in the 1880s, the movement gained significant momentum under the leadership of Annie Besant [1]. Besant joined the society in 1889 and arrived in India in 1893, where she became a brilliant exponent of its philosophy. Following the death of Colonel Olcott in 1907, she was elected as the second International President of the Theosophical Society, a position she held until her death in 1933. While A.O. Hume and Lord Dufferin were instrumental in the formation of the Indian National Congress, they were not leaders of the Theosophical Society. Besant's leadership bridged spiritual revivalism with Indian nationalism, providing self-respect to Indians during the colonial era [2].

Sources

1. [1] Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 13: Growth of New India Religious and Social Reform After 1858 > Theosophical Society > p. 220
2. [3] History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 19: Towards Modernity > Theosophical Society (1875) > p. 302
3. [2] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 9: A General Survey of Socio-Cultural Reform Movements > The Theosophical Movement > p. 234