Transformation of meristematic cells into specific permanent tissues occurs by the process of

Meristematic tissues consist of actively dividing cells located at specific growth regions of a plant. When these cells stop dividing and take up a permanent shape, size, and specific function, they undergo a process known as cell differentiation. This transformation results in the formation of permanent tissues, which can be simple (like parenchyma) or complex (like xylem and phloem). Differentiation is essential for multicellular organisms to develop specialized cell types that perform distinct physiological roles [3]. While cell division increases the number of cells, it is differentiation that allows unspecialized meristematic cells to mature into specialized permanent tissues. This process is also utilized in tissue culture, where a callus undergoes differentiation to form plantlets.

Sources

1. [1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/tissue-differentiation
2. [3] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: How do Organisms Reproduce? > Tissue culture > p. 118