The correct answer is option 3: Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, is often referred to as the "white plague." This term is used because the disease was associated with severe weight loss, leading to a pale complexion. Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis and primarily affects the lungs, although it can also affect other parts of the body. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and it is a contagious disease. Symptoms of tuberculosis include persistent cough, chest pain, fatigue, weight loss, and night sweats. If left untreated, tuberculosis can be life-threatening. Alert - correct answer should be option 4: Plague.