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The correct answer is option 2: Calcium carbide.
Calcium carbide is considered a carcinogen and is sometimes used secretly by some to artificially ripen fruit. Calcium carbide is a chemical compound that is used in industries for various purposes, but it is not approved for use in food.
Calcium carbonate (option 1) is a commonly used food additive that is safe for consumption. It is often used as a dietary supplement or an antacid.
Sodium benzoate (option 3) is another food additive that is commonly used as a preservative. It helps prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in food products. Sodium benzoate is not associated with artificial fruit ripening.
Sodium sulfate (option 4) is a salt that is sometimes used in food processing, but it does not have any relation to artificial fruit ripening or carcinogenic properties.
Therefore, the correct answer is calcium carbide (option 2), which is a carcinogen and is secretly used by some to ripen fruit.