The essential elements of a state are sovereignty, government, and territory. Sovereignty refers to the supreme authority and power of a state to govern itself and make decisions independently without interference from external entities. Government is the system that exercises this authority and carries out the day-to-day administration of the state. Territory refers to the geographical area over which a state exercises its control and jurisdiction. All these elements are necessary for a state to exist and function effectively. Therefore, option 4 "All these" is the correct answer as it encompasses all the essential elements of a state.