Which of the following has the powers to create a new All-India Service ?

Under Article 312 of the Indian Constitution, the Parliament of India is the authority empowered to create new All-India Services [c1][c2]. This process is initiated when the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) passes a resolution supported by not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting, declaring that such a service is necessary or expedient in the national interest [c2][t1]. Once this resolution is passed, Parliament may by law provide for the creation of one or more All-India Services common to both the Union and the States [t7]. While the Rajya Sabha holds the exclusive power to recommend the creation of these services to protect federal interests, the actual legal creation is performed by an Act of Parliament [c1][t4]. Other bodies like the UPSC or the Union Cabinet do not possess the constitutional power to create these services independently [t6].

Sources

1. [1] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 74: Public Services > All-India Services > p. 545
2. [2] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 26: ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE STATES > All-India Services. > p. 395
3. [3] https://cbc.gov.in/media/112/download