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The correct answer is Option 3: I, II, and IV.
Explanation:
I. Researchers using carbon-14 isotope:
Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope commonly used in biological and medical research, particularly in radiocarbon dating. It undergoes radioactive decay and emits radiation in the form of beta particles. These beta particles can damage DNA and potentially cause permanent changes in the cell`s DNA. Therefore, researchers using carbon-14 isotopes are more likely to run the risk of a permanent change in their cell`s DNA.
II. X-ray technician:
X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation. When a person undergoes an X-ray procedure, their body is exposed to ionizing radiation, which can damage DNA. Although the exposure to X-rays is carefully controlled and regulated in medical settings to minimize risks, repeated or prolonged exposure over time can increase the chances of permanent changes in cell DNA. X-ray technicians, who regularly work with X-ray machines, are more likely to be exposed to higher levels of radiation and therefore have an increased risk of permanent DNA changes.
IV. Dyer and Painter:
Dyers and painters often work with various chemicals, such as dyes, solvents, and pigments, which may contain substances known as genotoxic agents. Genotoxic agents have the potential to damage DNA and cause genetic mutations. Prolonged or repeated exposure to these substances can increase the risk of permanent changes in cell DNA. Therefore, dyers and painters are also more likely to run the risk of permanent DNA changes.
III. Coal miner:
Coal mining involves exposure to a range of occupational hazards, including dust and particulate matter. Coal dust, when inhaled, can contain carcinogenic substances such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other toxic compounds. Prolonged exposure to coal dust can lead to respiratory diseases and an increased risk of lung cancer. While coal dust exposure can have significant health consequences, it is not directly linked to permanent changes in cell DNA.
In summary, based on the information provided, the individuals who are more likely to run the risk of a permanent change in their cell`s DNA are researchers using carbon-14 isotopes, X-ray technicians, and dyers and painters. Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3: I, II, and IV.