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Which of the following provisions of the Constitution of India need the ratification by the legislatures of not less than one-half of the States to effect amendment? 1. The manner of election of the President of India 2. Extent of the executive power of the Union and the States 3. Powers of the Supreme Court and High Courts 4. Any of the Lists in the 7th Schedule Select the correct answer using the code given below : Code :
Explanation
Under Article 368(2) of the Constitution of India, certain provisions require ratification by the legislatures of at least one-half of the States before being presented for Presidential assent [3]. These federal provisions include: (1) the manner of election of the President (Articles 54 and 55); (2) the extent of the executive power of the Union and the States (Articles 73 and 162); (3) the powers and jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and High Courts (Chapter IV of Part V and Chapter V of Part VI); and (4) any of the Lists in the Seventh Schedule. Additionally, changes to the representation of States in Parliament and Article 368 itself require such ratification [4]. Since all four points listed in the question fall under these categories, they all require state ratification to effect an amendment.
Sources
- [1] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 9: Directive Principles of State Policy > DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY > p. 179
- [3] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 11: Amendment of the Constitution > By Special Majority of Parliament and Consent of States > p. 125
- [4] https://www.mea.gov.in/images/pdf1/part20.pdf