Question map
Which of the following with regard to the term T^ank run’ is correct?
Explanation
A 'bank run' is a panic situation that occurs when a large number of depositors simultaneously attempt to withdraw their funds from a bank due to fears regarding the institution's solvency or ability to repay debts [2]. This phenomenon is rooted in the fractional reserve banking system, where banks maintain only a small portion of total deposits as liquid cash reserves, lending out the remainder to generate income [3]. Because the bank's reserves are insufficient to cover all deposits at once, a sudden surge in withdrawal demands can overwhelm its liquidity, potentially forcing the bank to sell assets at a loss or face default [2]. This loss of confidence often creates a self-fulfilling prophecy where the rush to withdraw funds actually triggers the bank's collapse. Modern bank runs can also be 'silent,' occurring through rapid electronic transfers rather than physical queues.
Sources
- [2] Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 2: Money and Banking- Part I > 4. Management of Foreign Exchange Reserves > p. 69
- [1] Understanding Economic Development. Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 3: MONEY AND CREDIT > LOAN ACTIVITIES OF BANKS > p. 41
- [3] https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bankrun.asp