Which of the following statements aiovement in Bengal in 1905 are correct? 1. It was marked by the mass mobilization through the organization of ғamitis 2. It was marked by the mass mobilization through labour strikes. 3. It advocated a constructive programme of self help or ҡtmashaktiҠ 4. In the sphere of education, national schools were established Select the correct answer using the code given below:

The Swadeshi movement (1905–1911) utilized diverse methods of mass mobilization. Samitis, such as the Swadesh Bandhab Samiti of Ashwini Kumar Dutta, became powerful tools for political consciousness through lectures, social work, and training [2]. Mass mobilization also extended to the working class, marked by labour strikes in various sectors [3]. A core pillar was 'constructive Swadeshi' or 'Atmashakti' (self-help), which advocated for national self-reliance through indigenous enterprises and village improvement [4]. In the sphere of education, the movement rejected government-controlled institutions, leading to the establishment of national schools and colleges. Notable examples include the National Council of Education (1905) and the Bengal National College (1906). These elements collectively transformed the character of the Indian national movement by broadening its social base and introducing radical methods of agitation.

Sources

1. [2] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 2: Rise of Extremism and Swadeshi Movement > Evolution of the idea of Swadeshi > p. 20
2. [3] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 2: Rise of Extremism and Swadeshi Movement > Introduction > p. 16
3. [4] Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 14: Nationalist Movement 1905—1918 > The Role of Students, Women, Muslims, and the Masses > p. 242