Which one among the following is a dormant volcano?

Volcanoes are classified as active, dormant, or extinct based on their eruption history. Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania is a classic example of a dormant volcano, characterized by having three volcanic cones (Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira) that have not erupted in recent times but retain the potential to become active [3]. In contrast, Mount Stromboli and Mount Etna in Italy are among the world's most active volcanoes; Stromboli is famously known as the 'Lighthouse of the Mediterranean' due to its continuous activity [3]. Mount Mayon in the Philippines is also a highly active stratovolcano known for its near-perfect symmetrical cone. While some sources suggest Kilimanjaro could be considered extinct due to its long repose, it is widely categorized in geographical texts as dormant because its summit craters are relatively young in geological terms [3].

Sources

1. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 11: Volcanism > Dormant Volcanoes > p. 142
2. [3] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 9: Divergent Boundary > Volcanism & Seismicity Along East African Rift Valley > p. 130
3. [2] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 11: Volcanism > Composite Type Volcano (Stratovolcano) > p. 141