Which one among the following Indian scientists proposed a theory for long distance transport of water in plants ?

Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose (J.C. Bose) proposed the 'Pulsatory Movement Theory' (also known as the Vital Force Theory) to explain the long-distance transport of water in plants, known as the ascent of sap. He hypothesized that the innermost layer of the cortex, just outside the endodermis, undergoes rhythmic pulsations that pump water upwards [1]. While modern science primarily accepts the Cohesion-Tension theory involving xylem [3], Bose's experimental work with his self-designed crescograph was pioneering in plant physiology. Other scientists mentioned, like Birbal Sahni (paleobotanist) and P. Maheshwari (embryologist), focused on different botanical fields [1]. N.S. Parihar is primarily known for his work on bryophytes and pteridophytes rather than a primary theory of water transport. Thus, J.C. Bose is the correct scientist associated with proposing a specific physiological theory for water movement.

Sources

1. [1] https://admissions.keralauniversity.ac.in/pdfs/376.pdf
2. [2] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Life Processes > 5.4.2 Transportation in Plants > p. 94
3. [3] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Life Processes > Transport of water > p. 95