Which one among the following is not a plantation crop ?

Plantation agriculture is a form of commercial farming where a single crop is grown on a large area, typically requiring capital-intensive inputs and migrant labor [c3]. Common examples of plantation crops include coffee, rubber, and sugarcane [c1][c3][t1]. These crops are often perennial, meaning they have long productive lifespans of 15 to 30 years and require significant long-term investment [t3]. In contrast, wheat is classified as a food crop and a cereal [t2]. It is an annual rabi crop, meaning it completes its life cycle within one growing season, which distinguishes it from the perennial nature of typical plantation crops [t1][t3]. While sugarcane is sometimes classified as a cash crop, it is widely recognized as a major plantation crop in the Indian agricultural context [c1][c3]. Therefore, wheat is the only option that is not a plantation crop.

Sources

1. [1] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 12: Major Crops and Cropping Patterns in India > Plantation Crops > p. 41
2. [2] Indian Economy, Vivek Singh (7th ed. 2023-24) > Chapter 11: Agriculture - Part II > 11.2 Farming System and Cropping Pattern in India > p. 336
3. [3] http://www.rnlkwc.ac.in/pdf/study-material/geography/6th%20Sem_DSE4T_Unit%20II_6.%20World%20patterns%20of%20agricultural%20production.pdf