Which one among the following statements is not correct ?

In physics, waves are categorized by their vibration direction. Transverse waves, such as S-waves or light, vibrate perpendicular to the direction of propagation [3]. This perpendicularity allows them to be polarized, meaning their vibrations can be restricted to a specific plane. Conversely, longitudinal waves, such as P-waves or sound in air, vibrate parallel to the direction of propagation [2]. Because their displacement is along the axis of travel, they cannot be polarized. Therefore, statement 3 is correct and statement 4 is incorrect. Regarding other options, in a progressive wave, the amplitude remains constant across the medium while phase changes between adjacent points. In gases, pressure and displacement are out of phase; a pressure antinode (maximum pressure change) corresponds to a displacement node (zero movement), and a pressure node corresponds to a displacement antinode, making statement 2 technically accurate in the context of wave properties.

Sources

1. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 4: Earths Interior > Secondary Waves (S-Waves) > p. 62
2. [3] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 4: Earths Interior > Why Do P-Waves Travel Faster Than S-Waves? > p. 61
3. [2] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 4: Earths Interior > Primary Waves (P-Waves) > p. 60