Which one of the following approaches of human development was initially proposed by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and emphasised on health, education, food, water supply, sanitation and housing ?

The Basic Needs Approach was initially proposed by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) during the 1976 World Employment Conference. This approach shifted the focus of development from purely economic growth to the provision of essential requirements for human survival and well-being. It specifically identified six basic needs: health, education, food, water supply, sanitation, and housing. Unlike the capability approach, which focuses on human choices and freedom, the basic needs approach emphasizes the direct provision of these defined commodities to specific sections of the population. While the income approach links development to wealth and the welfare approach treats humans as passive recipients of government spending, the basic needs approach serves as a precursor to modern human development frameworks by prioritizing minimum subsistence levels.

Sources

1. [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_needs