The term `State` is best defined as a community of persons permanently occupying a definite territory, independent of external control, and possessing an organized government. This is reflected in option 1 which is thus the correct answer.

Options 2 and 4 both refer to the political organization and central authority but they do not mention the essential characteristic of independence from external control, which is a critical aspect of the definition of a `State`.

Option 3 emphasizes cultural and historical aspects, which although can be part of a `State`, do not comprehensively describe what a `State` is. The key factor missing in this option is the explicit mention of independence from external control.

Overall, option 1 successfully encapsulates all crucial aspects of the term `State` - a permanent community occupying a specific territory, having its own government, and being independent from external control.