The lithosphere refers to the outermost layer of the Earth, which consists of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. It is divided into several tectonic plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere below.
Option 1: Upper and lower mantle - This option is incorrect because the lithosphere does not include the lower mantle.
Option 2: Crust and core - This option is incorrect because the lithosphere does not include the Earth`s core. The core is located deep within the Earth, while the lithosphere only encompasses the outer layers.
Option 3: Crust and upper mantle - This option correctly describes the lithosphere. It includes the Earth`s solid outer layer, which is the crust, along with the upper part of the mantle.
Option 4: Lower mantle and core - This option is incorrect because the lithosphere does not include the lower mantle or the Earth`s core.
Therefore, option 3 is the best description of the lithosphere.