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The correct answer is option 2: Home Affairs. The census organization has been functioning on a permanent footing under the Ministry of Home Affairs since 1961.
Option 1: Health and Family Welfare is not the correct answer as the census organization does not fall under this ministry.
Option 3: Social Justice and Empowerment is also not the correct answer as the census organization does not fall under this ministry.
Option 4: Human Resource Development is not the correct answer as the census organization does not fall under this ministry either.
The Ministry of Home Affairs is responsible for various important functions related to internal affairs, including maintaining law and order, national security, and population-related data collection such as the census. The census is conducted every ten years to gather demographic information about the population of the country, which is vital for planning and policy-making purposes.