Which one of the following mountain ranges separates Europe from Asia ?

The Ural Mountains serve as the primary natural physiographic boundary separating the continents of Europe and Asia [t1][t3]. Stretching approximately 2,500 kilometers from the Arctic Ocean to Kazakhstan, they are among the world's oldest mountain ranges, formed during the collision between the European and Asian landmasses [c1][t4][t8]. In contrast, the Apennines are located in Italy [t6], and the Black Forest is an inland mountain range in Germany, Europe [c2][c3]. The Sulaiman Range is part of the fold-and-thrust system along the western margin of the Indo-Pakistani plate in Pakistan [t2][t7]. Therefore, the Urals are the specific range that defines the traditional border between the Eurasian landmasses [t1][t4].

Sources

1. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 8: Convergent Boundary > Formation of Alps, Urals, Appalachians and the Atlas Mountains > p. 123
2. [2] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 10: Types of Mountains > Continental Mountains > p. 133
3. [3] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 10: Types of Mountains > Hercynian Mountains > p. 132
4. [4] https://www.britannica.com/place/Ural-Mountains