The major abiotic factors are non-living components of the environment that have a significant impact on living organisms. These factors include temperature, water, light, and air.
Temperature refers to the degree of hotness or coldness in the environment. It affects the metabolism and survival of organisms.
Water is essential for the survival of all living organisms. It is involved in various physiological processes and serves as a medium for chemical reactions.
Light is crucial for photosynthesis in plants and is important for the regulation of biological processes in animals.
Air, specifically the composition of gases, is also an important abiotic factor as it provides oxygen for respiration and removes carbon dioxide.
Therefore, option 4, air, is incorrectly stated as not being a major abiotic factor. It is indeed a critical factor for the survival of living organisms.