Which one of the following is not a site of action in human body for the malarial parasite plasmodium?

The life cycle of the Plasmodium parasite in humans involves specific target sites. Upon entering the human host via a mosquito bite, sporozoites first migrate to the liver, where they infect hepatocytes to undergo exo-erythrocytic schizogony [1]. Following this, the parasites enter the bloodstream and invade red blood cells (erythrocytes) for asexual multiplication, which is responsible for the clinical symptoms of malaria [6]. In severe cases, particularly with P. falciparum, parasitized red cells can sequester in the microvasculature of the brain, leading to cerebral malaria [5]. While malaria can cause secondary renal pathology or kidney failure due to systemic complications like hemolysis or impaired blood flow, the kidney is not a primary site of action or replication for the Plasmodium parasite itself. The parasite's developmental stages are restricted to the liver and red blood cells.

Sources

1. [1] https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/malaria/index.html
2. [2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK5951/figure/malaria_LifeCycle/
3. [6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium_falciparum
4. [5] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11071448/