Despotism, option 1, is the opposite of a democratic state. Despotism refers to a form of government where all power is concentrated in the hands of a single ruler or a small group of individuals, who exercise absolute control over the state and its people. In a despotic system, the ruler or ruling class makes decisions without any form of public input or accountability. This stands in direct contrast to a democratic state, which is characterized by citizen participation, the rule of law, and the protection of individual rights. In a democratic state, power is typically exercised through elected representatives, and decisions are made collectively, with the input of the people. Thus, option 1 is the correct answer.