Which one of the following organisms has vascular tissues?

Vascular tissues, consisting of xylem and phloem, are specialized for the transport of water, minerals, and food in highly differentiated plants. These tissues appear for the first time in the plant kingdom within the group Pteridophyta, which are consequently known as vascular cryptogams [2]. Marsilea is a prominent example of an aquatic pteridophyte (water fern) that possesses a well-differentiated plant body with true roots, stems, leaves, and vascular bundles [2]. In contrast, Cladophora is a branched green alga (thallophyte) lacking true tissue differentiation [2]. Penicillium is a fungus, and Anabaena is a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium (prokaryote); both lack vascular systems [3]. Therefore, among the given options, only Marsilea possesses vascular tissues [2].

Sources

1. [1] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 9: Indian Biodiversity Diverse Landscape > 6. Pteridophytes > p. 157
2. [2] Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 5: Life Processes > What you have learnt > p. 99
3. [3] https://apacwomen.ac.in/learning-resources/botany/Plant%20Diversity.pdf