Which one of the following pairs of rays is electromagnetic in nature?

Electromagnetic radiation consists of photons that travel as massless waves of energy [t6]. X-rays and gamma rays are both forms of electromagnetic radiation, differing primarily in their origin: gamma rays originate from the atomic nucleus during radioactive decay, while X-rays are produced by electron transitions or interactions outside the nucleus [c1, t2, t6]. In contrast, alpha rays are helium nuclei (protons), and beta rays are high-speed electrons, both of which are classified as particle radiation rather than electromagnetic waves [c1, t3, t5]. Cathode rays are also streams of electrons, making them particulate in nature [t10]. Scientific classification confirms that while alpha, beta, and cathode rays consist of charged particles with mass, X-rays and gamma rays are high-energy electromagnetic waves situated at the short-wavelength end of the electromagnetic spectrum [t3, t4, t7].

Sources

1. [1] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 5: Environmental Pollution > Radioactivity: > p. 82
2. [2] https://www.arpansa.gov.au/understanding-radiation/what-is-radiation/ionising-radiation/x-ray
3. [3] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/radiation-type