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Q98 (CAPF/2022) History & Culture › Art & Architecture › Indian painting traditions Answer Verified

Which one of the following was not a feature of the art of painting in India in the 19th century?

Result
Your answer: —  Â·  Correct: C
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 3 because the technique of oil painting was not developed in India during the 19th century; rather, it was introduced by European painters (like Tilly Kettle) in the late 18th century and later adopted by Indian artists like Raja Ravi Varma.

During the 19th century, Indian art underwent significant structural changes:

  • Market Shift: With the decline of traditional princely patronage, art began to be produced for the open market (Option 1), catering to British officials and the new Indian middle class.
  • Professional Identity: A clear distinction emerged between the Shilpi (fine artist) and the Karigar (artisan) (Option 2) due to the influence of Western academic realism.
  • Cultural Divide: The gap between elite art (academic style) and popular art (like Kalighat paintings) widened (Option 4) as tastes became stratified by colonial education.

Since oil painting was an imported technique already present before the 19th century, claiming it was "developed" then is historically inaccurate.

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