Option 1: Stephen W. Hawking and Roger Penrose - This option is incorrect. While Stephen Hawking and Roger Penrose are both renowned physicists, they were not awarded the 2017 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics.

Option 2: Ronald Drever, Kip S. Thorne, and Kamer Weiss - This option is incorrect. Although Ronald Drever, Kip S. Thorne, and Kamer Weiss made significant contributions to the field of physics, they were not the recipients of the 2017 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics.

Option 3: Joseph Polchinski, Andrew Strominger, and Cumrun Vafa - This option is correct. Joseph Polchinski, Andrew Strominger, and Cumrun Vafa were awarded the 2017 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics for their work in string theory and quantum gravity.

Option 4: J. Michael Kosterlitz, Duncan Haldane, and David J. Thouless - This option is incorrect. While J. Michael Kosterlitz, Duncan Haldane, and David J. Thouless received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2016 for their work on topological phase transitions and topological materials, they did not receive the 2017 Breakthrough