With reference to Neem tree, consider the following statements : 1. Neem oil can be used as a pesticide to control the proliferation of some species of insects and mites. 2. Neem seeds are used in the manufacture of biofuels and hospital detergents. 3. Neem oil has applications in pharmaceutical industry. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

States substantial production of neem oil (~2.5 lakh tonnes) for agricultural use (coating urea), showing neem oil is produced at scale for farming applications.

A student could infer that large-scale agricultural production of neem oil makes it plausible it has agronomic uses (including pest control) and then check external sources for specific pesticidal uses.

Mentions 'neem-coated urea' and suggests neem releases substances into soil, indicating neem products are intentionally applied to crop inputs for biological effects.

One could extend this to hypothesize that neem-derived compounds affect organisms (e.g., soil biota or pests) and then look up whether those compounds have insecticidal/acaricidal activity.

Notes neem has high antibiotic and antibacterial properties, demonstrating the tree contains bioactive compounds with biological effects.

A student can generalize that if neem contains bioactive compounds, some of those could act on insects/mites and should be checked in entomology or pesticide literature.

Explains that crop pests are commonly managed by applying insecticides/pesticides, framing the agricultural context in which substances (including plant-derived ones) are used to control pests.

Combine this general rule with the fact neem is applied in agriculture to motivate checking whether neem-derived products are used as such pesticides.

Describes problems with persistent synthetic pesticides (e.g., DDT), implicitly motivating the search for alternative, possibly less toxic pest-control agents like plant-based products.

A student could use this as rationale to investigate whether neem oil has been adopted as a biopesticide alternative to persistent synthetic chemicals.

States that around 2.5 lakh tonnes of neem oil is produced (used to coat urea), demonstrating that neem yields a commercially produced oil.

A student could infer that because neem produces substantial oil, that oil (or oil from seeds) might be evaluated as a plant-oil feedstock for biofuel production.

Defines bioenergy and says biofuels are derived from plant materials, linking plant oils as a class to biofuel applications.

Combine this rule with the fact that neem yields plant oil to consider neem oil as a candidate feedstock for biofuels.

Gives an example where seeds (tamarind) yield a fatty oil used in industrial products (paints and varnishes), showing seeds can be sources of industrial oils.

Use this example pattern (seed → industrial oil) to generalize that tree seeds like neem could be sources of oil suitable for conversion to biofuel.

Lists oilseeds as important crops and notes oilseeds are used both for edible and non-edible industrial purposes, implying oilseed viability as industrial feedstocks.

A student could map neem (a tree producing oil) into the broader category of oil-bearing seeds considered for industrial uses such as biofuels.

Notes that trees in agro-forestry are used for fuel-wood and other industrial uses, illustrating that tree-derived biomass is commonly used as energy feedstock.

Combine the general practice of using tree biomass for fuel with the existence of neem oil to suspect neem-derived biomass/oil could be assessed for biofuel manufacture.

States neem has high antibiotic and antibacterial properties, implying neem-derived substances could be suitable for cleaning or antimicrobial formulations.

A student could combine this with basic knowledge that hospital detergents require antimicrobial action to ask whether neem extracts are ever used as antimicrobial ingredients in such products.

Shows neem oil is used industrially (neem-coated urea), demonstrating neem extracts/oils are processed and applied at scale in manufacturing.

One could infer neem oil can be supplied in industrial quantities and therefore might be available for inclusion in cleaning product formulations, then check ingredient lists of hospital detergents.

Reiterates policy mandating neem-coating of urea, again indicating commercial use of neem oil in manufacturing processes.

This supports the idea that neem derivatives are commercially produced; a student could research whether such commercial neem products are diverted to detergent or disinfectant manufacturers.

Explains detergents are usually synthetic salts (sulphonic acid salts, ammonium salts) with long hydrocarbon chains, indicating typical detergent chemistry is not plant seed oils.

Using this, a student might judge that while neem extracts could be added for antimicrobial effect, the primary cleansing agents are likely synthetic — so check if neem is an additive rather than the main detergent component.

Lists common disinfectants used in health care (formaldehyde, phenols), showing hospitals commonly rely on particular chemical disinfectants rather than botanical seed extracts.

A student could use this to infer that standard hospital detergents often contain specific synthetic disinfectants and then investigate whether neem-derived antimicrobials are accepted or listed in hospital-grade product standards.