Which of the following Kingdoms were associated with the life of the Buddha? 1. Avanti 2. Gandhara 3. Kosala 4. Magadha Select the correct answer using the code given below.

States that Ujjain was the capital of Avanti and names Avanti as a major city/ commercial centre.

A student could locate Ujjain/Avanti on a map relative to the canonical Buddhist sites to judge geographical proximity to Buddha's documented movements.

Notes that ascetics like Gautama Buddha 'wandered across the Gangetic plains', indicating a pattern of itinerant activity focused in the Ganga region.

Compare the known itinerant range (Gangetic plains) with the location of Avanti to see if Avanti lies inside or outside typical routes.

Lists the principal sacred places of the Buddha's life (Lumbini, Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, Kusinagara), showing the core geographical anchors of his life and teaching.

Map these core sites versus Avanti to assess whether Avanti is among or near the principal places associated with the Buddha.

Places Siddhartha Gautama and other religious figures in the same era and specifically links them to Magadha in the Ganga plains, highlighting the political-religious context where Buddha was active.

Use the political centres named (e.g., Magadha) as reference points to see if Avanti was part of that contemporary political-religious landscape or more peripheral.

Summarises Buddha's life stages (birth in Lumbini, upbringing at Kapilavastu, later travels and discipleship), providing a template of places/events one would expect Avanti to appear in if directly associated.

Check biographies/itineraries of Buddha for explicit mention of Avanti or Ujjain; absence/presence relative to these canonical stages helps judge association.