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Q30 (IAS/2018) International Relations & Global Affairs › International Organisations & Groupings › International legal conventions Official Key

International Labour Organization's Conventions 138 and 182 are related to

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: A
Explanation

The correct answer is option A because the ILO Minimum Age for Admission to Employment Convention (No. 138) and the universally ratified ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (No. 182) set legal boundaries for child labour[1]. One of the most effective methods of ensuring that children do not start working too young is to set the age at which children can legally be employed or otherwise work, and the aim of ILO Convention No.138 on the minimum age is the effective abolition of[2] child labour. ILO Convention No. 138 on the minimum age for admission to employment and ILO Convention No. 182 on the worst forms of child labour[3] together form the core international legal framework to protect children from exploitation at work. These conventions are not related to agricultural practices, food security, or gender parity at the workplace, making options B, C, and D incorrect.

Sources
  1. [1] https://www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/2025-06/2024%20Global%20Estimates%20of%20Child%20Labour%20Report.pdf
  2. [2] https://www.ilo.org/international-programme-elimination-child-labour-ipec/what-child-labour/ilo-conventions-child-labour
  3. [3] https://www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/2025-05/World_Day_2012_Policy_Note_EN_Web.pdf
How others answered
Each bar shows the % of students who chose that option. Green bar = correct answer, blue outline = your choice.
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Q. International Labour Organization's Conventions 138 and 182 are related to [A] Child labour [B] Adaptation of agricultural practices to…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 10/10
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This was a 'Current Affairs disguised as Static' question. India ratified both C138 and C182 in June 2017, a major policy milestone widely covered in newspapers before the 2018 exam. It tests your awareness of specific treaty numbers linked to recent Cabinet decisions.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Do International Labour Organization Conventions No. 138 and No. 182 pertain to child labour?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"the ILO Minimum Age for Admission to Employment Convention (No. 138) and the universally ratified ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (No. 182) – set legal boundaries for child labour"
Why this source?
  • Explicitly names Convention No. 138 and Convention No. 182 together as legal standards related to child labour.
  • States these conventions 'set legal boundaries for child labour', directly tying both conventions to the topic.
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"The background to protections for children at the workplace and ILO Conventions Nos. 138 and 182"
Why this source?
  • Lists ILO Conventions Nos. 138 and 182 in the context of 'protections for children at the workplace'.
  • Includes dedicated sections for 'Convention No. 138 on the minimum age for admission to employment' and 'Convention No. 182 on the worst forms of child labour'.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"CHILD LABOUR (CL): - INTERNATIONAL LABOUR STANDARDS: C.138 and R.146 C.182 and R.190 - AN OPERATIONAL CONCEPT"
Why this source?
  • Labels C.138 and C.182 as international labour standards under the heading 'CHILD LABOUR'.
  • Identifies Convention No. 138 as the 'Minimum Age Convention' concerning admission to employment, linking it to child labour issues.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 28: International Organisation and Conventions > INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS AND CONVENTIONS > p. 387
Strength: 3/5
“INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION AND CONVENTIONS”
Why relevant

This snippet is from a chapter titled 'International Organisation and Conventions', indicating that international conventions (the genre to which ILO Conventions belong) are discussed in this material.

How to extend

A student could combine this with the basic fact that the ILO is the UN agency for labour issues to check whether specific numbered ILO conventions address child labour.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 60: National Commission for Protection of Child Rights > ESTABLISHMENT > p. 484
Strength: 4/5
“t ESTABLISHMENT The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights is a statutory (and not a constitutional) body. It was set up in 2007 under a legislation enacted by the Parliament, namely the Commission for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005. The Commission has to protect, promote and defend child Tights in the country. Under the Act, the 'child rights' includes the children's rights adopted in the United Nations Convention on the Rights ofthe Child on 20 November 1989 and ratified by tbe Government oflndia on 11 December 1992. Under this Convention , a child has been defined as a human being below the age of eighteen years.”
Why relevant

Explains that national child-rights bodies adopt rights from international conventions (here the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child), showing a pattern that international instruments define child-rights standards adopted nationally.

How to extend

A student could reasonably infer that international labour conventions might similarly set standards on child labour and then look up ILO convention topics to test the statement.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 8: Fundamental Rights > Fli Prohibition of Employment of Children in Factories, etc. > p. 93
Strength: 4/5
“Prohibition of Employment of Children in Factories, etc. Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory, mine or other hazardous activities like construction work or railway. But it does not prohibit their employment in any harmless or innocent work. The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, is the most important law in this direction. In addition, the Employment of Children Act, 1938; the Factories Act, 1948; the Mines Act, 1952; the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958; the Plantation Labour Act, 1951; the Motor Transport Workers Act, 1951; Apprentices Act, 1961; the Bidi and Cigar Workers Act, 1966; and other similar acts prohibit the employment of children below certain age.”
Why relevant

Lists many national labour laws specifically addressing child employment and hazardous work, illustrating that labour law (the ILO’s domain) commonly covers child labour as a subject area.

How to extend

Given that child labour is a recognized labour-law topic, a student could reasonably suspect and then verify whether ILO conventions (which cover labour issues) include numbered conventions on child labour.

Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 8: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES > INTRODUCTION TO THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA > p. 138
Strength: 3/5
“It is to be noted that the prohibition imposed by this Article is absolute and does Article 24: Prohibition of Employment of Children in Factories, etc. not admit of any exception for the employment of a child in a factory or mine or in any other "hazardous employment", eg, in a railway or a port. The Supreme Court directed that children should not be employed in hazardous jobs in factories and positive steps should be taken for the welfare. of such children as well as improving the quality of their life<sup>295</sup> and the employers of children below 14 years must comply with the provisions of the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act providing for compensation, employment of their parents/guardians and their education.”
Why relevant

Describes Article 24’s absolute prohibition on child employment in hazardous jobs and references judicial enforcement and related legislation, showing the legal framing of child labour as a labour-rights issue.

How to extend

Using the general link between labour rights and international labour standards, a student could check ILO convention subjects/numbers to see if specific conventions address child labour.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 13: Cultural Setting > POPULATION PROBLEMS > p. 115
Strength: 3/5
“13. Child Labour: More than 43.5 lakh kids aged between 5 and 14 are forced to work as labourers, according to the census of 2011. The number marks a drop of 65% over the 2011 census which counted 1.3 crore child workers. It became possible because of tougher laws, judicial intervention, increase in education and NGOs.”
Why relevant

Provides data that child labour is a significant problem, and notes reductions due to tougher laws and interventions, implying international/national rule-making is used to address it.

How to extend

A student could combine this empirical importance with the knowledge that the ILO produces labour conventions to hypothesize that prominent ILO conventions (like numbered ones) may target child labour and then verify the specific numbers.

Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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