Which of the following are the reasons/factors for exposure to benzene pollution? 1. Automobile exhaust 2. Tobacco smoke 3. Wood burning 4. Using varnished wooden furniture 5. Using products made of polyurethane Select the correct answer using the code given below:

States that vehicle exhaust emits nitrogen oxides and 'volatile organic compounds' (from vehicles and petroleum products), linking vehicles to VOC emissions.

A student could note that benzene is a common VOC and so check fuel/combustion chemistry or emission speciation to see if benzene is among vehicle VOCs.

Quotes WHO saying 'exhaust fumes can cause cancer', implying exhaust contains carcinogenic compounds.

Knowing benzene is a well-known carcinogen, a student could investigate whether known carcinogens in exhaust include benzene.

Identifies transport vehicle emissions as a major urban air-pollution source and describes policy to reduce vehicle emissions.

A student could take that vehicles are major pollutant sources and look up typical pollutants emitted by vehicles (including specific VOCs like benzene).

Discusses 'Control of Automobile Exhaust' and gaseous pollutant control (combustion, adsorption), implying vehicles emit gaseous toxicants.

Given vehicles emit gaseous pollutants, a student could seek emission inventories or speciation studies listing which gaseous organics (e.g., benzene) are present in exhaust.

Notes that vehicles contribute substantially to urban particulates and are a key source in cities, showing vehicles are major contributors to urban air contamination.

A student could combine this with knowledge that traffic sources emit both particulates and VOCs, then check VOC composition for benzene.