Consider the following statements : 1. Under Ramsar Convention, it is mandatory on the part of the Government of India to protect and conserve all the wetlands in the territory of India. 2. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 were framed by the Government of India based on the recommendations of Ramsar Convention. 3. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 also encompass the drainage area or catchment regions of the wetlands as determined by the authority. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

States that Ramsar 'provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources' — it frames obligations as a framework rather than an absolute domestic command.

A student could compare this language with the Ramsar text to see whether 'framework' wording creates binding duties for all wetlands or primarily guides national policy for selected sites.

At accession each Contracting Party designates at least one site and 'expresses the government's commitment to take all steps necessary to ensure the maintenance of the ecological character of the site' — showing a clear, site-specific commitment for listed wetlands.

One could use this to infer that legal duties are explicit for designated Ramsar sites and then check whether the treaty or domestic law extends similar duties to non‑designated wetlands.

Defines the Convention as embodying member commitment 'to maintain the ecological character of their wetlands of international importance and to plan for the 'wise-use' or sustainable use' — distinguishing 'wetlands of international importance' from general wetland policy.

A student could use the distinction to test whether the Convention's mandatory language targets only listed wetlands (international importance) rather than all wetlands in a state's territory.

States the Convention 'embodies the commitments of its members ... to plan for the 'wise use' or sustainable uses, of all the wetlands in their territories' — an example of broader language that might be read to cover all national wetlands.

One could contrast this broader phrase with the site‑specific wording in other snippets and then examine the treaty text or official Ramsar guidance to resolve whether 'wise use' creates a legal obligation for every wetland.

Notes that a national wetland definition (the 'zoro rules') can exclude many types (river channels, paddy fields, man‑made water bodies), causing loss of wetland status — showing national implementation and definitions affect which wetlands receive protection.

A student could use this to check Indian domestic rules and maps to see which wetlands are legally recognised domestically and whether Ramsar obligations depend on national classification.

States/UT Wetlands Authority must prepare a list of all wetlands and develop a comprehensive list of activities to be regulated within notified wetlands and their 'zone of influence'.

A student could infer that 'zone of influence' might be interpreted by a competent authority to include surrounding drainage/catchment areas and then check the Rules' definitions or notifications to confirm.

Central Government is responsible for overall coordination and to prepare an inventory of Indian wetlands under conservation programmes.

Use this to argue that inventories and coordination mechanisms could logically require defining upstream catchment areas — so one could look for inventory guidelines or authority powers in the Rules.

India led formulation of Ramsar guidelines on integration of wetlands into river basin management.

Given this international practice, a student might expect national rules to allow competent authorities to consider river basins/catchments in wetland management and then verify whether Rules 2010 adopt such integration.

Criteria for identifying important wetlands include their role as sources of water and links to broader hydrological functions.

A student could reason that protecting hydrological functions may require including catchment/drainage areas in management scope, prompting a check of the Rules for explicit authority to define such areas.

Defines 'drainage basin' and 'catchment area' as the area drained by a river and its tributaries — establishing what 'catchment/ drainage area' technically means.

With this standard definition, a student can map likely spatial extent of a wetland's catchment (using maps) and then compare that to any 'zone of influence' or scope described in the Rules to assess plausibility.