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Q13 (IAS/2019) History & Culture › Culture, Literature, Religion & Philosophy › Bhakti, Sufi and Sikh movements Official Key

Consider the following statements : 1. Saint Nimbarka was a contemporary of Akbar. 2. Saint Kabir was greatly influenced by Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: D
Explanation

The correct answer is option D – neither statement is correct.

**Statement 1 is incorrect:** Saint Nimbarka was not a contemporary of Akbar. While the exact dates of Nimbarka's life are debated, most scholars place him in the 11th-13th centuries, well before Akbar's reign (1556-1605). This makes it chronologically impossible for them to be contemporaries.

**Statement 2 is incorrect:** Kabir lived in the fourteenth-fifteenth centuries[1], while Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi died in 1624[2]. Since Kabir preceded Sirhindi by approximately 100-150 years, it would have been impossible for Kabir to be influenced by Sirhindi. The chronology is reversed – Kabir died before Sirhindi was even born.

Both statements contain fundamental chronological errors, making option D (Neither 1 nor 2) the correct answer.

Sources
  1. [1] https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/lehs202.pdf
  2. [2] https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/lehs202.pdf
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PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
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Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Consider the following statements : 1. Saint Nimbarka was a contemporary of Akbar. 2. Saint Kabir was greatly influenced by Shaikh Ahmad …
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 5/10
You're seeing a guest preview. The Verdict and first statement analysis are open. Login with Google to unlock all tabs.

This is a classic 'Timeline Trap' disguised as a culture question. You don't need deep biographical details; you only need the 'Century Tag' for each personality. If the gap between two figures is >50 years or the order is reversed, the statement is false. Stop memorizing philosophies in isolation; map them to the ruling dynasty of their time.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Was Saint Nimbarka (founder of the Nimbarka Sampradaya) a contemporary of Mughal emperor Akbar (reigned 1556–1605)?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Reshaping India’s Political Map > Akbar > p. 38
Strength: 5/5
“Declared emperor at the age of 13 upon his father Humayun's accidental death, Akbar set out to bring the entire Subcontinent under Mughal control; his reign was a blend of brutality and tolerance, shaped by ambition and strategy. In early conquests, following many of his predecessors' examples, he showed no mercy at the fort Chittor (or Chittorgarh, in Rajasthan), which he besieged for more than five months in the face of determined resistance from the Rajput soldiers. They inflicted heavy losses on the Mughal army, but, the fort finally breached, died fighting in large numbers, while hundreds of women committed jauhar (see box).”
Why relevant

Gives Akbar's reign dates (1556–1605) and summarizes his long rule — establishes the precise time window to compare with any figure's life.

How to extend

A student could look up Nimbarka's traditionally ascribed dates and see if they overlap with 1556–1605 to judge contemporaneity.

Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: Reshaping India’s Political Map > What is jauhar? > p. 40
Strength: 5/5
“As I grew in knowledge, I was overwhelmed with shame. Not being a Muslim myself, it was unmeet [i.e., inappropriate] to force others to become such. What constancy is to be expected from proselytes [i.e., converted people] on compulsion?" His long reign lasted almost 50 years (1556 to his death in 1605); while its middle period was relatively peaceful, the final 15 years involved fresh military campaigns in Kashmir, Sindh, the Deccan, and Afghanistan. Fig. 2.17. Painting showing Akbar in his court receiving scholars, including two Jesuits (dressed in black).”
Why relevant

Explicitly states the length of Akbar's reign and that it lasted almost 50 years (1556 to 1605), reinforcing the temporal window.

How to extend

Use these fixed years as a reference interval when checking external biographical dates for Nimbarka.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 14: The Mughal Empire > 14.4 Humayun's Return from Exile > p. 204
Strength: 4/5
“Jalaluddin, known as Akbar, in 1542. Akbar was crowned at the age of fourteen. At the time of Akbar's ascension, the Afghans and Rajputs were still powerful and posed a great challenge. Yet he had a guardian and protector in Bairam Khan.”
Why relevant

Notes Akbar's birth year (1542) and that he was crowned as a teenager — gives additional anchor points (birth and early reign) within the same mid-16th century period.

How to extend

Compare Nimbarka's birth/active years against both Akbar's birth (1542) and accession (1556) to assess possible overlap.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 14: The Mughal Empire > Akbar's Religious Policy > p. 207
Strength: 4/5
“Akbar began his life as an orthodox Muslim but adopted an accommodative approach under the influence of Sufism. Akbar was interested to learn about the doctrines of all religions, and propagated a philosophy of Sulh-i-Kul (peace to all). Badauni, a contemporary author, who did not like Akbar's inter-religious interests, accused him of forsaking Islam. Akbar had established an Ibadat Khana (1575), a hall of worship in which initially Muslim clerics gathered to discuss spiritual issues. In 1582, he discontinued the debates in the Ibadat Khana as it led to bitterness among different religions. However, he did not give up his attempt to know the Truth.”
Why relevant

Mentions dated events in Akbar's religious policy (Ibadat Khana established in 1575) — provides specific years of Akbar's activities useful for finer comparisons.

How to extend

If a source gives Nimbarka's activity around a specific year, check whether that year falls within Akbar's recorded events (e.g., 1575).

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 14: The Mughal Empire > Akbar's Military Conquests > p. 206
Strength: 4/5
“The northwest. After achieving the political integration of North India, Akbar turned his attention to the Deccan. Akbar's forces had occupied Khandesh region in 1591. In 1596 Berar was acquired from Chand Bibi, who, as the regent of her nephew Muzaffar Shah, the Nizam Shahi ruler of Ahmednagar, valiantly defended Ahmednagar against the Mughal forces of Akbar. By 1600 parts of Ahmed Nagar had fallen into the hands of Mughal forces. Akbar fell sick in September 1604 and died on 27 October 1605.”
Why relevant

Records later military activity and Akbar's death in 1605, providing the terminal point of the time window for contemporaneity.

How to extend

Use the 1605 end-point to test whether Nimbarka's life or activity continued into or overlapped with the late 16th/early 17th century.

Statement analysis

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