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Q63 (IAS/2020) History & Culture › National Movement (1857–1947) › Colonial economic impact Official Key

Indigo cultivation in India declined by the beginning of the 20th century because of

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: B
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 2.

The primary reason for the decline of indigo cultivation in India by the early 20th century was the invention of synthetic dyes (German coal-tar dyes) in the late 19th century. These chemical substitutes were cheaper, more stable, and easier to produce than natural indigo, making the latter unprofitable in the international market.

  • Option 1: While peasant resistance (like the Indigo Revolt of 1859) occurred, it led to shifts in cultivation areas (from Bengal to Bihar) rather than a total decline of the industry.
  • Option 3: National leaders like Gandhi did oppose the tinkathia system in Champaran (1917), but this was a response to the existing economic crisis caused by synthetic dyes.
  • Option 4: The government generally supported planters; it did not exert control that led to the industry's downfall.

Ultimately, the collapse was market-driven; planters could no longer compete with industrial chemical advancements.

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Q. Indigo cultivation in India declined by the beginning of the 20th century because of [A] peasant resistance to the oppressive conduct of…
At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Moderate fairness Books / CA: 7.5/10 · 2.5/10
Statement 1
Did peasant resistance to the oppressive conduct of planters contribute to the decline of indigo cultivation in India by the beginning of the 20th century?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 15: Struggle for Swaraj > Champaran Satvagraha (1917) > p. 266
Presence: 5/5
“Gandhi's first great experiment in Satyagraha came in 1917 in Champaran, a district in Bihar. The peasantry on the indigo plantations in the district was excessively oppressed by the European planters. They were compelled to grow indigo on at least 3/20th of their land and to sell it at prices fixed by the planters. Similar conditions had prevailed earlier in Bengal, but as a result of a major uprising during 1859-61 the peasants there had won their freedom from the indigo planters. Having heard of Gandhi's campaigns in South Africa, several peasants of Champaran invited him to come and help them.”
Why this source?
  • Records that a major uprising (1859–61) led Bengal peasants to win their freedom from indigo planters.
  • Directly links peasant revolt to the ending of planter control over indigo cultivation in that region.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 31: Peasant Movements 1857-1947 > Indigo Revolt (1859-60) > p. 575
Presence: 4/5
“In Bengal, the indigo planters, nearly all Europeans, exploited the local peasants by forcing them to grow indigo on their lands instead of the more paying crops like rice. The planters forced the peasants to take advance sums and enter into fraudulent contracts which were then used against the peasants. The planters intimidated the peasants through kidnappings, illegal confinements, flogging, attacks on women and children, seizure of cattle, burning and demolition of houses and destruction of crops. The anger of the peasants exploded in 1859 when, led by Digambar Biswas and Bishnu Biswas of Nadia district, they decided not to grow indigo under duress and resisted the physical pressure of the planters and their lathiyals (retainers) backed by police and the courts.”
Why this source?
  • Describes severe planter oppression and the peasants' organized refusal to grow indigo in 1859, led by named local leaders.
  • Documents violent repression by planters and their retainers, indicating substantial peasant resistance that challenged planter dominance.
Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: The Colonial Era in India > Peasant uprisings against economic exploitation > p. 108
Presence: 4/5
“illustrates this exploitation. European planters forced peasants in the northern parts of Bengal to abandon food crops and, instead, grow indigo plants, as the indigo dye was then in great demand in Europe. From planters to traders, everyone earned huge profits — except the peasants, who were so poorly paid that they got trapped in debt slavery. When they refused to grow indigo, they faced imprisonment, torture, and destruction of their property. Their uprising was directed mostly at the planters, who retaliated by hiring mercenaries to attack the peasants. Their cause was supported by educated Bengalis and the Bengali press; the British authorities were eventually forced to restrict some of the worst abuses.”
Why this source?
  • Explains that peasants were trapped in debt slavery by forced indigo cultivation and that uprisings targeted planter abuses.
  • Notes that public support and pressure eventually forced authorities to restrict some of the worst planter practices.
Statement 2
Did new inventions make indigo unprofitable on the world market and thereby contribute to the decline of indigo cultivation in India by the beginning of the 20th century?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 11: Economic Impact of the British Rule > DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN INDUSTRIES > p. 192
Presence: 5/5
“Neel Darpan in 1860. The invention of a synthetic dye gave a big blow to the indigo industry and it gradually declined. The tea industry developed in Assam, Bengal, Southern India, and the hills of Himachal Pradesh after 1850. Being foreign-owned, it was helped by the Government with grants of rent-free land and other facilities. In time use of tea spread all over India: and it also became an important item of export. Coffee plantations developed during this period in South India. The plantation and other foreign-owned industries were hardly of much advantage to the Indian people. Their salary profits went out of the country.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states that the invention of a synthetic dye delivered a major blow to the indigo industry.
  • Directly links invention (synthetic dye) to a gradual decline of indigo cultivation.
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 15: Emergence of Gandhi > Champaran Satyagraha (1917)—First Civil Disobedience > p. 317
Presence: 5/5
“planters of Champaran in Bihar. The European planters had been forcing the peasants to grow indigo on 3/20 part of the total land (called tinkathia system). When towards the end of the nineteenth century German synthetic dyes replaced indigo, the European planters demanded high rents and illegal dues from the peasants in order to maximise their profits before the peasants could shift to other crops. Besides, the peasants were forced to sell the produce at prices fixed by the Europeans. When Gandhi, joined now by Rajendra Prasad, Mazharul-Haq, Mahadeo Desai, Narhari Parekh, and J.B. Kripalani, reached Champaran to probe into the matter, the authorities ordered him to leave the area at once.”
Why this source?
  • Specifies that German synthetic dyes replaced indigo toward the end of the 19th century.
  • Implies replacement by synthetics reduced market demand, prompting planters and peasants to change cropping and economic behaviour.
Statement 3
Did Indian national leaders' opposition to the cultivation of indigo contribute to the decline of indigo cultivation in India by the beginning of the 20th century?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Indigo cultivation declined primarily due to the invention of synthetic dyes in Germany during the late 19th century, which provided cheaper and more varied color options than natural indigo. This technological development reduced global demand for natural indigo, making the exploitative plantation system less profitable and contributing to planters' willingness to abandon the region after Gandhi's successful campaign."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states the decline was primarily due to synthetic dyes but also says Gandhi's successful campaign contributed to planters abandoning the region.
  • Directly links a national leader's (Gandhi's) campaign to a reduction in indigo cultivation by undermining planter operations.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"The successful campaign against the exploitative **indigo cultivation** practises not only liberated thousands of farmers from economic bondage but established Gandhi as a formidable leader in the Indian independence movement. **Mahatma Gandhi leading the peasants during the 1917 Champaran Satyagraha against indigo planter oppression.**"
Why this source?
  • Describes Gandhi's successful campaign against exploitative indigo cultivation practices and frames it as a landmark victory.
  • Specifies Gandhi leading peasants in the 1917 Champaran Satyagraha against indigo planter oppression, showing national-leader-led opposition to indigo planters.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 31: Peasant Movements 1857-1947 > Indigo Revolt (1859-60) > p. 575
Strength: 5/5
“Based on its recommendations, the Government issued a notification in November 1860 that the ryots could not be compelled to grow indigo and that it would ensure that all disputes were settled by legal means. But, the planters were already closing down factories and indigo cultivation was virtually wiped out from Bengal by the end of 1860.”
Why relevant

Reports that after the 1860 notification ryots could not be compelled to grow indigo and planters were closing factories, with indigo 'virtually wiped out from Bengal by the end of 1860' — a pattern showing protest/legal reform can lead to rapid regional decline.

How to extend

A student could compare the timing of national/peasant agitation or leaders' interventions with this legal change to assess whether leaders' opposition aligned with or followed such reforms.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 15: Emergence of Gandhi > Champaran Satyagraha (1917)—First Civil Disobedience > p. 317
Strength: 5/5
“planters of Champaran in Bihar. The European planters had been forcing the peasants to grow indigo on 3/20 part of the total land (called tinkathia system). When towards the end of the nineteenth century German synthetic dyes replaced indigo, the European planters demanded high rents and illegal dues from the peasants in order to maximise their profits before the peasants could shift to other crops. Besides, the peasants were forced to sell the produce at prices fixed by the Europeans. When Gandhi, joined now by Rajendra Prasad, Mazharul-Haq, Mahadeo Desai, Narhari Parekh, and J.B. Kripalani, reached Champaran to probe into the matter, the authorities ordered him to leave the area at once.”
Why relevant

Explains that towards the end of the 19th century German synthetic dyes replaced indigo, and planters tried to extract rents before peasants shifted crops — showing technological/economic competition as an alternate cause of decline.

How to extend

A student could map the chronology and geographic spread of synthetic dye adoption against regions of nationalist agitation to evaluate relative contributions.

History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Advent of Gandhi and Mass Mobilisation > a) Champaran Movement (1917) > p. 42
Strength: 4/5
“(a) Champaran Movement (1917) The first attempt at mobilizing the Indian masses was made by Gandhi on an invitation by peasants of Champaran. Before launching the struggle he made a detailed study of the situation. Indigo cultivators of the district Champaran in Bihar were severely exploited by the European planters who had bound the peasants to compulsorily grow indigo on 3/20th of their fields and sell it at the rates”
Why relevant

Champaran Movement (1917) description shows Gandhi and national leaders directly mobilized peasants against compulsory indigo cultivation — an example of leaders opposing indigo cultivation.

How to extend

A student could use this example to infer where and when leader-led opposition occurred, then compare those areas' indigo production trends to test influence.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 39: After Nehru... > Appendices ✫ 809 > p. 809
Strength: 4/5
“N.C. Bardaloi, an Assam Congress leader, favoured noncooperation but was against strikes in plantations, as he himself was a planter. 'Assam Kesari' Ambikagiri Roy Chaudhuri's poetry had a profound impact on the Assamese and helped in arousing nationalist spirit in them. Muzaffar Ahmad formed the pioneer communist group in Calcutta. He was influenced by M.N. Roy and Nalini Gupta. Someshwarprasad Chaudhuri, a student in Calcutta, organised the peasants protesting against indigo cultivation on the Rajshaski-Nadia and Pabna-Murshidabad border. Purushottamdas Tandon, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi, Govind Ballabh Pant and Lal Bahadur Shastri began their political careers in 1920-21, with the onset of the Non-Cooperation Movement.”
Why relevant

Notes that individuals (Someshwarprasad Chaudhuri) organized peasants protesting indigo cultivation and links several political careers to peasant issues, indicating nationalist actors were involved in anti-indigo agitation.

How to extend

A student might compile instances of nationalist-organized protests from such examples and check whether regions with such activity show faster decline in indigo vs. regions without.

Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 11: Economic Impact of the British Rule > DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN INDUSTRIES > p. 192
Strength: 5/5
“Neel Darpan in 1860. The invention of a synthetic dye gave a big blow to the indigo industry and it gradually declined. The tea industry developed in Assam, Bengal, Southern India, and the hills of Himachal Pradesh after 1850. Being foreign-owned, it was helped by the Government with grants of rent-free land and other facilities. In time use of tea spread all over India: and it also became an important item of export. Coffee plantations developed during this period in South India. The plantation and other foreign-owned industries were hardly of much advantage to the Indian people. Their salary profits went out of the country.”
Why relevant

States that the invention of a synthetic dye 'gave a big blow to the indigo industry and it gradually declined' — provides a clear alternative causal mechanism (technological substitution).

How to extend

A student could weigh this economic/technological factor against political agitation by comparing dates and production statistics where available to judge relative importance.

Statement 4
Did government control over planters cause the decline of indigo cultivation in India by the beginning of the 20th century?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 31: Peasant Movements 1857-1947 > Indigo Revolt (1859-60) > p. 575
Presence: 5/5
“Based on its recommendations, the Government issued a notification in November 1860 that the ryots could not be compelled to grow indigo and that it would ensure that all disputes were settled by legal means. But, the planters were already closing down factories and indigo cultivation was virtually wiped out from Bengal by the end of 1860.”
Why this source?
  • Government issued a November 1860 notification forbidding compulsion of ryots to grow indigo and promising legal dispute resolution
  • Shortly thereafter planters were closing factories and indigo cultivation was virtually wiped out in Bengal by the end of 1860, linking regulatory action and local decline
Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: The Colonial Era in India > Peasant uprisings against economic exploitation > p. 108
Presence: 4/5
“illustrates this exploitation. European planters forced peasants in the northern parts of Bengal to abandon food crops and, instead, grow indigo plants, as the indigo dye was then in great demand in Europe. From planters to traders, everyone earned huge profits — except the peasants, who were so poorly paid that they got trapped in debt slavery. When they refused to grow indigo, they faced imprisonment, torture, and destruction of their property. Their uprising was directed mostly at the planters, who retaliated by hiring mercenaries to attack the peasants. Their cause was supported by educated Bengalis and the Bengali press; the British authorities were eventually forced to restrict some of the worst abuses.”
Why this source?
  • European planters had forced peasants into indigo cultivation, creating the abuses that prompted intervention
  • British authorities were eventually forced to restrict some of the worst abuses, showing state curbs on planter power that affected indigo production
Pattern takeaway: UPSC often sets 'Trap Options' that are historically true (Peasant resistance existed) but not the *primary structural cause* of the phenomenon (Decline of the sector). Always prioritize Global/Technological causes over Local/Political ones for economic questions.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter. Direct lift from Old NCERT Class XII (Bipin Chandra), Chapter: Economic Impact of British Rule.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Commercialization of Agriculture & De-industrialization. Specifically, the vulnerability of cash crops to global market forces.
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Cash Crop Trinity' shocks: 1) Indigo (killed by German Synthetic Dyes, 1890s). 2) Cotton (Boom during US Civil War 1861-65, crash after). 3) Opium (Declined due to loss of Chinese market). Also, know the specific Champaran levies: *Sharahbeshi* (rent hike) and *Tawan* (lump sum) imposed to offset synthetic dye losses.
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: When studying a movement (like Champaran Satyagraha), ask 'Why now?' The planters didn't become oppressive in 1917 by magic; they were squeezing peasants because their global profits had crashed due to the invention of dyes. Always link political unrest to economic triggers.
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Indigo Revolt (1859–61) and peasant agency
💡 The insight

Peasant uprisings against forced indigo cultivation directly undermined planter control and helped end coercive indigo regimes in Bengal.

High-yield for questions on colonial agrarian resistance and economic exploitation; links agrarian movements to political awakening and legal/policy responses. Mastering this concept helps answer 'causes and consequences' questions on colonial rural protests and their impact.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 1: Rise of Nationalism in India > b) Laissez Faire Policy and De-industrialization: Impact on Indian Artisans > p. 3
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 31: Peasant Movements 1857-1947 > Indigo Revolt (1859-60) > p. 575
  • Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 15: Struggle for Swaraj > Champaran Satvagraha (1917) > p. 266
🔗 Anchor: "Did peasant resistance to the oppressive conduct of planters contribute to the d..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Tinkathia system and Champaran Satyagraha
💡 The insight

Compulsory indigo cultivation under the 3/20 (tinkathia) rule provoked organized protest culminating in Gandhi's intervention in 1917.

Important for connecting Gandhian methods to rural grievances and colonial agrarian arrangements; useful for questions on continuity between local peasant resistance and national movements, and on how legal and moral campaigns addressed economic coercion.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 15: Emergence of Gandhi > Champaran Satyagraha (1917)—First Civil Disobedience > p. 317
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Advent of Gandhi and Mass Mobilisation > a) Champaran Movement (1917) > p. 42
🔗 Anchor: "Did peasant resistance to the oppressive conduct of planters contribute to the d..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Technological and market causes of indigo decline
💡 The insight

The replacement of natural indigo by German synthetic dyes altered demand and encouraged peasants to abandon indigo cultivation.

Crucial for multidimensional cause-and-effect analysis: differentiates social/political resistance from economic/technological drivers. Useful for questions asking for combined explanations of crop decline or shifts in colonial commodity production.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 15: Emergence of Gandhi > Champaran Satyagraha (1917)—First Civil Disobedience > p. 317
🔗 Anchor: "Did peasant resistance to the oppressive conduct of planters contribute to the d..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Synthetic dyes displaced natural indigo
💡 The insight

German and other synthetic dyes replaced natural indigo, reducing its profitability and international demand.

High-yield for questions on technological change and commodity decline in colonial economies; links industrial chemistry advances to shifts in global trade and agrarian patterns. Mastering this explains cause–effect questions about why export crops lost value and how technology altered colonial export portfolios.

📚 Reading List :
  • Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 11: Economic Impact of the British Rule > DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN INDUSTRIES > p. 192
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 15: Emergence of Gandhi > Champaran Satyagraha (1917)—First Civil Disobedience > p. 317
🔗 Anchor: "Did new inventions make indigo unprofitable on the world market and thereby cont..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Peasant resistance and legal change (Indigo Revolt/Champaran)
💡 The insight

Peasant uprisings and legal interventions ended forced indigo cultivation and led to closure of indigo factories in Bengal.

Essential for questions on agrarian movements and colonial policy responses; connects social protest to economic outcomes and to later Gandhian interventions (Champaran). Useful for essays and mains answers linking socio-political movements to economic decline of crops.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 31: Peasant Movements 1857-1947 > Indigo Revolt (1859-60) > p. 575
  • Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: The Colonial Era in India > Peasant uprisings against economic exploitation > p. 108
  • Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 11: Economic Impact of the British Rule > DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN INDUSTRIES > p. 191
🔗 Anchor: "Did new inventions make indigo unprofitable on the world market and thereby cont..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Colonial plantation/export orientation and planter behaviour
💡 The insight

European planters ran indigo as an export-oriented plantation crop, pressing peasants and seeking short-term profits when markets shifted.

Important for understanding colonial economic structures, exploitation mechanisms, and why planters reacted sharply to market/technological shifts; helps answer questions on colonial agrarian economy, landlord-planter relations, and causes of crop decline.

📚 Reading List :
  • India and the Contemporary World – II. History-Class X . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: The Age of Industrialisation > 5 The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth > p. 97
  • Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 11: Economic Impact of the British Rule > DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN INDUSTRIES > p. 191
  • Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 4: The Colonial Era in India > Peasant uprisings against economic exploitation > p. 108
🔗 Anchor: "Did new inventions make indigo unprofitable on the world market and thereby cont..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Indigo Revolt and peasant resistance (1859–60)
💡 The insight

Peasant uprising in 1859–60 led to a government notification preventing forcible cultivation and precipitated the collapse of indigo cultivation in Bengal by the end of 1860.

High-yield for questions on rural resistance and early anti-colonial movements; links agrarian unrest to policy responses and economic outcomes. Mastering this helps answer questions on causes of colonial agrarian change and the role of grassroots movements.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 31: Peasant Movements 1857-1947 > Indigo Revolt (1859-60) > p. 575
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 1: Rise of Nationalism in India > b) Laissez Faire Policy and De-industrialization: Impact on Indian Artisans > p. 3
  • Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 15: Struggle for Swaraj > Champaran Satvagraha (1917) > p. 266
🔗 Anchor: "Did Indian national leaders' opposition to the cultivation of indigo contribute ..."
🌑 The Hidden Trap

The specific illegal dues levied by planters to recover losses from synthetic dyes: 'Sharahbeshi' (enhancement of rent) and 'Tawan' (lump sum payment for release from the 3/20th obligation). UPSC may ask to define these terms next.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Timeline Logic: The 'Indigo Revolt' (Option A) was in 1859-60 (19th century). The question asks about the 'beginning of the 20th century'. National leaders (Option C) like Gandhi arrived in 1915/1917, *after* the decline had already set in. Option B is the only factor fitting the 1900s timeline globally.

🔗 Mains Connection

Mains GS-3 (Economy) & GS-1 (Society): Link this to 'Disruptive Technology'. Just as Synthetic Dyes wiped out Indigo farmers, how will AI/Automation impact Indian BPO/IT sectors? It is the historical precedent for technological unemployment.

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

CAPF · 2015 · Q3 Relevance score: 1.49

Statement I : India’s share of world manufacturing output steadily declined during the 19th and the 20th centuries. Statement I : There was no absolute decline in production in India during the colonial rule.

CDS-I · 2004 · Q49 Relevance score: 1.31

What was the main reason for the greatly worsened condition of the Peasants in the late 1920s and early 1930s which led to Peasants Movements in thePunjab,Gujaratand Uttar Pradesh? Time

NDA-II · 2012 · Q37 Relevance score: 0.48

Statement I : Indigo formed the basis of a flourishing sector of commercial agriculture by the beginning of the 19th century. Statement II: The Indigo Commission was set- up to enquire into the grievances of the indigo cultivators in 1860.

IAS · 2018 · Q52 Relevance score: -0.18

Economically, one of the results of the British rule in India in the 19th century was the

CAPF · 2017 · Q24 Relevance score: -0.22

Which one of the following statements about the Indigo Revolt of 1859 is conect ?