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Q90 (IAS/2020) Polity & Governance β€Ί Parliament β€Ί Parliament sessions Official Key

Consider the following statements : 1. The President of India can summon a session of the Parliament at such place as he/she thinks fit. 2. The Constitution of India provides for three sessions of the Parliament in a year, but it is not mandatory to conduct all three sessions. 3. There is no minimum number of days that the Parliament is required to meet in a year. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

Result
Your answer: β€”  Β·  Correct: C
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 3 (1 and 3 only) based on the following constitutional provisions:

  • Statement 1 is correct: Under Article 85(1) of the Constitution, the President has the power to summon each House of Parliament to meet at "such time and place as he thinks fit." While sessions traditionally occur in the Parliament House, New Delhi, there is no constitutional restriction on the location.
  • Statement 2 is incorrect: The Constitution does not specify the number of sessions (Budget, Monsoon, and Winter). It only mandates that six months shall not intervene between two sessions. Thus, while three sessions are conventional, they are not a constitutional requirement.
  • Statement 3 is correct: There is no minimum number of days prescribed by the Constitution or the Rules of Procedure for Parliament to meet annually. The only requirement is the "six-month rule" mentioned above.

Therefore, statements 1 and 3 are legally accurate, making Option 3 the right choice.

How others answered
Each bar shows the % of students who chose that option. Green bar = correct answer, blue outline = your choice.
Community Performance
Out of everyone who attempted this question.
50%
got it right
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full view
Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Consider the following statements : 1. The President of India can summon a session of the Parliament at such place as he/she thinks fit.…
At a glance
Origin: Books + Current Affairs Fairness: Moderate fairness Books / CA: 5/10 Β· 5/10

This is a classic 'Constitution vs. Convention' trap. While standard books mention the three sessions (Budget, Monsoon, Winter), the question tests if you know that this schedule is merely a convention, whereas the Constitution only mandates the 'six-month gap' rule. It rewards precision over general reading.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Does the Constitution of India (for example Article 85) authorize the President of India to summon each House of Parliament to meet at such time and place as he/she thinks fit?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 23: Parliament > Summoning > p. 235
Presence: 5/5
β€œThe President from time to time summons each House of Parliament to meet at such time and place as he/ she thinks fit. But, the maximum gap between two sessions of Parliament cannot be more than six months. In other words, the Parliament should meet at least twice a year. There are usually three sessions in a year, viz, β€’ 1. The Budget Session (February to May); β€’ 2. The Monsoon Session (July to September); and β€’ 3. The Winter Session (November to December). I1oIM.N. Kau l and S.L. Shakdher; Practice and Procedure of Parliament, Sixth Edition, 2009, Lok Sabha Secretariat, pp.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states: 'The President from time to time summons each House of Parliament to meet at such time and place as he/ she thinks fit.'
  • Also records the constitutional limit that the gap between two sessions cannot exceed six months, showing both power and its temporal restriction.
Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 23: Parliament > Summoning > p. 235
Presence: 5/5
β€œThe President from time to time summons each House of Parliament to meet at such time and place as he/ she thinks fit. But, the maximum gap between two sessions of Parliament cannot be more than six months. In other words, the Parliament should meet at least twice a year. There are usually three sessions in a year, viz, β€’ 1. The Budget Session (February to May); β€’ 2. The Monsoon Session (July to September); and β€’ 3. The Winter Session (November to December). I. M. Kaul and S.L. Shakdher; Practice and Procedure of Parliament, Sixth Edition, 2009, Lok Sabha Secretariat, pp.”
Why this source?
  • Repeats the identical explicit wording that the President summons each House 'to meet at such time and place as he/she thinks fit.'
  • Adds context by listing the usual sessions (Budget, Monsoon, Winter), illustrating practical exercise of the summoning power.
Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 12: The Union Legislature > p. 245
Presence: 4/5
β€œSessions of Parliament. The President's power-(a) to summon either House; (b) to prorogue either House; and (c) to dissolve the House of the People has already been noted (in the chapter titled 'The Union Executive', ante). ' As regards summoning, the Constitution imposes a duty upon the President, namely, that he must summon each House at such intervals 'that six months shall not intervene between its last sitting in one session and the date appointed for its first sitting in the next session [Article 85(1)] Adjournment, prorogation. It would, in this context, be useful to distinguish gation and dissoluΒ· prorogation and dissolution from adjournment.”
Why this source?
  • Identifies a constitutional duty under Article 85(1): the President must summon each House so that not more than six months intervene between sessions.
  • Frames summoning as a power anchored in Article 85, tying the practice to a specific constitutional provision.
Statement 2
Does the Constitution of India prescribe that Parliament must hold three sessions in a year?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Article 85(1) of the Constitution mandates that the interval between two parliamentary sessions cannot exceed six months, ensuring that Parliament meets at least twice a year."
Why this source?
  • Directly cites Article 85(1) of the Constitution, which limits the interval between sessions to six months.
  • States this requirement ensures Parliament meets at least twice a year β€” not three times β€” so the Constitution does not mandate three sessions.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"By convention, Parliament meets for three sessions in a year."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly describes the three annual sessions as a convention, not a constitutional requirement.
  • By calling it a convention, the passage implies the schedule is customary practice rather than a constitutional prescription.
Web source
Presence: 3/5
"they recommended the following time-table for the three Sessions: ... The above time-table has not, however, been observed in practice."
Why this source?
  • Shows a government committee recommended a timetable for three sessions, indicating scheduling has been set by convention/administrative practice.
  • Notes the recommended timetable "has not, however, been observed in practice," reinforcing that such scheduling is not constitutionally fixed.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 23: Parliament > Summoning > p. 235
Strength: 5/5
β€œThe President from time to time summons each House of Parliament to meet at such time and place as he/ she thinks fit. But, the maximum gap between two sessions of Parliament cannot be more than six months. In other words, the Parliament should meet at least twice a year. There are usually three sessions in a year, viz, β€’ 1. The Budget Session (February to May); β€’ 2. The Monsoon Session (July to September); and β€’ 3. The Winter Session (November to December). I1oIM.N. Kau l and S.L. Shakdher; Practice and Procedure of Parliament, Sixth Edition, 2009, Lok Sabha Secretariat, pp.”
Why relevant

Gives the constitutional rule that the maximum gap between two sessions cannot exceed six months, therefore Parliament must meet at least twice a year; also notes that there are usually three sessions.

How to extend

A student can combine the 'max six months' rule with a calendar to see that three sessions is a common practice but not strictly required by that rule.

Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 23: Parliament > Summoning > p. 235
Strength: 4/5
β€œThe President from time to time summons each House of Parliament to meet at such time and place as he/ she thinks fit. But, the maximum gap between two sessions of Parliament cannot be more than six months. In other words, the Parliament should meet at least twice a year. There are usually three sessions in a year, viz, β€’ 1. The Budget Session (February to May); β€’ 2. The Monsoon Session (July to September); and β€’ 3. The Winter Session (November to December). I. M. Kaul and S.L. Shakdher; Practice and Procedure of Parliament, Sixth Edition, 2009, Lok Sabha Secretariat, pp.”
Why relevant

Repeats the same constitutional limitation (no more than six months between sessions) and lists the usual practice of three sessions (Budget, Monsoon, Winter).

How to extend

Use the listed customary sessions and the constitutional six-month gap to conclude three is customary, and compare with the constitutional minimum (two).

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 23: Parliament > Summoning > p. 236
Strength: 3/5
β€œA 'session' of Parliament is the period spanning between the first sitting of a House and its prorogation (or dissolution in the case of the Lok Sabha). During a session, the House meets everyday to transact business. The period spanning between the prorogation of a House and its reassembly in a new session is called 'recess'.”
Why relevant

Defines what a 'session' is (period from first sitting to prorogation) and distinguishes recess, which helps interpret how session-count relates to constitutional provisions about meetings.

How to extend

Knowing the formal meaning of 'session', a student can count sessions against the six-month gap rule to judge whether three sessions are mandated or merely procedural practice.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 92: World Constitutions > 760 P Indian Polity > p. 760
Strength: 5/5
β€œUPSC Questions on Indian Polity (General Studies-Prelims 2013-2023) 161 in a year, but it is not mandatory to conduct all three sessions. 3. There is no minimum number of days that the Parliament is required to meet in a year. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? β€’ Ca) I only (b) 2 onlyβ€’ Ce) I and 3 only Cd) 2 and 3 only”
Why relevant

Explicitly states (in an examination context) that although there are usually three sessions in a year, 'it is not mandatory to conduct all three sessions' and 'there is no minimum number of days Parliament is required to meet'.

How to extend

A student can take this as an authoritative caveat that customary practice of three sessions does not equate to a constitutional prescription.

Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 6: The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive > Productivity: > p. 158
Strength: 3/5
β€œIn the Parliamentary context, productivity is measured by the number of hours either the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha actually functioned against the time it was scheduled to. Some of these can include regular absenteeism of members, noncooperative conduct or communication of members, reduced quality of important debates, and disruptions of the Question Hour. The Parliament typically meets three times a year. These meetings are called 'sessions' ― Budget Sessions, Monsoon Sessions and Winter Sessions. Each of these has 'sittings', where the Parliament meets to deliberate upon proposed laws, discuss important matters of governance, and seek explanations from the Executive on its decisions and actions.”
Why relevant

Notes the typical pattern used in textbooks/schools: Parliament 'typically meets three times a year' and names the three sessions, reinforcing that three is a common convention.

How to extend

Combine this pedagogical statement with the constitutional six-month rule to distinguish common practice (three sessions) from constitutional requirement (minimum twice).

Statement 3
Is it mandatory under the Constitution of India that all three customary sessions of Parliament be conducted each year?
Origin: Direct from books Fairness: Straightforward Book-answerable
From standard books
Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 23: Parliament > Summoning > p. 235
Presence: 5/5
β€œThe President from time to time summons each House of Parliament to meet at such time and place as he/ she thinks fit. But, the maximum gap between two sessions of Parliament cannot be more than six months. In other words, the Parliament should meet at least twice a year. There are usually three sessions in a year, viz, β€’ 1. The Budget Session (February to May); β€’ 2. The Monsoon Session (July to September); and β€’ 3. The Winter Session (November to December). I. M. Kaul and S.L. Shakdher; Practice and Procedure of Parliament, Sixth Edition, 2009, Lok Sabha Secretariat, pp.”
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states the maximum gap between two sessions cannot exceed six months.
  • Concludes that Parliament should meet at least twice a year (i.e., minimum is two sessions).
  • Also notes that there are usually three sessions β€” distinguishing customary practice from the constitutional minimum.
Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 23: Parliament > Summoning > p. 236
Presence: 3/5
β€œA 'session' of Parliament is the period spanning between the first sitting of a House and its prorogation (or dissolution in the case of the Lok Sabha). During a session, the House meets every day to transact business. The period spanning between the prorogation of a House and its reassembly in a new session is called 'recess'.”
Why this source?
  • Defines what a 'session' of Parliament is (from first sitting to prorogation/dissolution).
  • Clarifies the concept of 'recess' between sessions, which is relevant for understanding frequency and scheduling of sessions.
Statement 4
Does the Constitution of India or any law prescribe a minimum number of days that Parliament must sit in a year?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"No. There is no minimum number of days that Parliament is required to meet in a year β€” in fact, the number of days that Parliament meets has reduced over the years."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly answers the question with a clear negation.
  • Provides supporting context about how the number of sitting days has fallen over time, reinforcing that there is no legal minimum.
Web source
Presence: 3/5
"By convention, Parliament meets for three sessions in a year."
Why this source?
  • States that Parliament meeting thrice a year is a convention, implying scheduling is customary rather than constitutionally or legally mandated.
  • Describes the usual session pattern (Budget, Monsoon, Winter), supporting that session timing/lengths are convention-based.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 92: World Constitutions > 760 P Indian Polity > p. 760
Strength: 5/5
β€œUPSC Questions on Indian Polity (General Studies-Prelims 2013-2023) 161 in a year, but it is not mandatory to conduct all three sessions. 3. There is no minimum number of days that the Parliament is required to meet in a year. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? β€’ Ca) I only (b) 2 onlyβ€’ Ce) I and 3 only Cd) 2 and 3 only”
Why relevant

An UPSC practice item (from a standard text) states plainly that 'There is no minimum number of days that the Parliament is required to meet in a year.'

How to extend

A student could treat this as a lead and verify against constitutional articles (e.g., summons/procedural provisions) or the Rules of Procedure to confirm absence of a formal minimum.

Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 23: Parliament > Adjournment > p. 236
Strength: 4/5
β€œA session of Parliament consists of many meetings. Each meeting of a day consists of two sittings, that is, a morning sitting from 11 am to 1 pm and post-lunch sitting from 2 pm to 6 pm. A Sitting of Parliament can be terminated by adjournment or adjournment sine die or prorogation or dissolution (in the case of the Lok Sabha). An adjournment suspends the work in a sitting for a specified time, which may be hours, days or weeks. Adjournment Sine Die Adjournment sine die means terminating a sitting of Parliament for an indefinite period. Table 23.1 Adjournment vs Prorogation In other words, when the House is adjourned without naming a day for reassembly, it is called adjournment sine die.”
Why relevant

Explains the structure of sessions, meetings and sittings and describes procedural devices (adjournment, prorogation, dissolution) that control sitting days.

How to extend

Using this, a student can infer that sitting frequency is governed by procedural practices (and executive/Presidential summons) rather than a fixed annual minimum, and should check constitutional summons powers for explicit minima.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 23: Parliament > Adjournment > p. 236
Strength: 4/5
β€œA session of Parliament consists of many meetings. Each meeting of a day consists of two sittings, that is, a morning sitting from 11 am to 1 pm and post-lunch sitting from 2 pm to 6 pm. A Sitting of Parliament can be terminated by adjournment or adjournment sine die or prorogation or dissolution (in the case of the Lok Sabha). An adjournment suspends the work in a sitting for a specified time, which may be hours, days or weeks. Adjournment Sine Die Adjournment sine die means terminating a sitting of Parliament for an indefinite period. Table 23.1 Adjournment vs Prorogation In other words, when the House is adjourned without naming a day for reassembly, it is called adjournment sine die.”
Why relevant

Repeats that sessions comprise meetings and that adjournments can suspend sittings for indeterminate periods (adjournment sine die).

How to extend

A student can combine this with knowledge of executive authority to summon/prorogue to argue that flexible adjournment powers make a rigid yearly minimum unnecessary unless explicitly provided.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 81: Election Laws > REPRESENTATION OF THE PEOPLE ACT, 1950 > p. 579
Strength: 3/5
β€œArticles 81 and 170 of the Constitution of India lay down the maximum number of seats in Parliament and in Legislative Assemblies of States and also certain principles to be followed in allocating seats in the House of People among the States and in the State Legislative Assemblies, but have left the actual allocation of such seats to be provided by the law. Similarly, Article 171 of the Constitution of India lays down the maximum and minimum number of seats in the Legislative Council of a State, and also specifies the various methods in which the seats shall be filled, but the actual number of seats to be filled by each such method has been left to be provided by law.”
Why relevant

Shows a constitutional pattern where the Constitution sets maximum/minimum limits in some contexts but leaves detailed allocation to law (e.g., seat numbers left to statute).

How to extend

A student could use this pattern to ask whether the constitution would similarly prescribe sitting-days or leave them to law/practice, and thus check the specific constitutional provision on summoning/parliamentary sittings.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 23: Parliament > Vacating of Seats > p. 228
Strength: 3/5
β€œhis/her seat in Parliament becomes vacant if he/she does not resign his/her seat in the state legislature within 14 days. 2. Disqualification If a member of Parliament becomes subject to any of the disqualifications specified in the Constitution, his/ her seat becomes vacant. Here, the list of disqualifications also include the disqualification on the grounds of defection under the provisions of the Length Schedule of the Constitution. 3. Resignation A member may resign his/her seat by writing to the Chairman of Rajya Sabha or Speaker of Lok Sabha , as the case may be. The seat falls vacant when the resignation is accepted.”
Why relevant

Gives examples of constitutional/legal time-limits (e.g., 14 days to resign a state seat), demonstrating that where framers intended time minima they include them explicitly.

How to extend

A student can use this contrast: because the texts show explicit day-limits in some matters, the absence of such explicit limits in the session/summons material would support the conclusion that no minimum sitting-days is prescribed.

Pattern takeaway: UPSC frequently tests the distinction between 'Constitutional Mandate' and 'Parliamentary Convention'. If a statement says 'The Constitution provides...', verify if there is a specific Article. If the practice is flexible (like 'not mandatory'), it is likely a convention, not a constitutional provision.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter/Trap. Direct hit from Laxmikanth (Chapter: Parliament), but Statement 2 is a precision trap regarding the source of the rule.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Parliament > Sessions > Summoning & Prorogation (Article 85).
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: 1. Adjournment vs. Prorogation (Who does it? Presiding Officer vs. President). 2. Dissolution effects on Bills (Article 107). 3. Quorum (1/10th rule - Article 100). 4. Special Address by President (Article 87 - first session after election & first session of year). 5. Rights of Ministers/AG in Houses (Article 88).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Apply the 'Source Authority Filter'. Whenever you read a rule in Polity, tag it: Is it in the Constitution? Is it in the Rules of Procedure? Or is it a Convention? UPSC swaps these tags to create false statements.
Concept hooks from this question
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S1
πŸ‘‰ Presidential power to summon, prorogue and dissolve Parliament
πŸ’‘ The insight

The President has constitutional authority to summon and prorogue both Houses and to dissolve the Lok Sabha, forming the core of executive-legislative interaction.

High-yield for questions on division of powers and Parliament functioning; links to constitutional articles and procedural outcomes (e.g., ordinances, joint sittings). Understanding this clarifies executive roles in legislative timelines and crisis management.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 11: The Union Executive > a) Summoning, Prorogation, Dissolution. > p. 213
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 18: President > Legislative Powers > p. 193
πŸ”— Anchor: "Does the Constitution of India (for example Article 85) authorize the President ..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S1
πŸ‘‰ Article 85(1) β€” six-month interval duty
πŸ’‘ The insight

Article 85(1) imposes a duty that no more than six months should elapse between the last sitting of one session and the first sitting of the next.

Essential for questions on limits to executive discretion and parliamentary continuity; explains constitutional constraint on summoning frequency and connects to topics on parliamentary sessions and emergency/ordinance provisions.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 12: The Union Legislature > p. 245
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 23: Parliament > Summoning > p. 235
πŸ”— Anchor: "Does the Constitution of India (for example Article 85) authorize the President ..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S1
πŸ‘‰ Power to summon joint sittings and limits on its use
πŸ’‘ The insight

The President can summon both Houses for a joint sitting in specified legislative deadlocks, but this mechanism excludes money bills and constitutional amendment bills.

Useful for practice on legislative procedure and deadlock resolution; helps answer questions about bill passage routes, exceptions, and Article-linked remedies for inter-House disputes.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 23: Parliament > JOINT SITTING OF TWO HOUSES > p. 250
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 11: The Union Executive > a) Summoning, Prorogation, Dissolution. > p. 213
πŸ”— Anchor: "Does the Constitution of India (for example Article 85) authorize the President ..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S2
πŸ‘‰ Six-month maximum gap rule for Parliament sessions
πŸ’‘ The insight

The Constitution requires that no more than six months may elapse between two sittings, so Parliament must meet at least twice a year.

High-yield for polity questions about parliamentary procedure and constitutional mandates; clarifies the constitutional minimum for meetings and helps distinguish legal requirements from customary practice. Useful for MCQs and mains answers on summoning and legislative continuity.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 23: Parliament > Summoning > p. 235
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 23: Parliament > Summoning > p. 235
πŸ”— Anchor: "Does the Constitution of India prescribe that Parliament must hold three session..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S2
πŸ‘‰ Customary three sessions vs. constitutional mandate
πŸ’‘ The insight

India normally holds Budget, Monsoon and Winter sessions each year, but this is a customary practice rather than a constitutional prescription.

Crucial to separate conventions from written constitutional provisionsβ€”common UPSC trap. Helps answer questions about whether routine parliamentary practices are legally binding and links to executive power to summon Parliament.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 23: Parliament > Summoning > p. 235
  • Exploring Society:India and Beyond ,Social Science, Class VIII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 6: The Parliamentary System: Legislature and Executive > Productivity: > p. 158
πŸ”— Anchor: "Does the Constitution of India prescribe that Parliament must hold three session..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S2
πŸ‘‰ Definition of a Parliamentary session and distinctions (recess, prorogation, dissolution)
πŸ’‘ The insight

A session is the period from the first sitting to prorogation or dissolution, which determines when Parliament is formally meeting.

Core procedural concept for questions on Parliament’s functioning, legislative business, and effects of prorogation or dissolution on pending bills. Connects to topics on legislative process and constitutional remedies.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 23: Parliament > Summoning > p. 236
  • Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 12: The Union Legislature > p. 246
πŸ”— Anchor: "Does the Constitution of India prescribe that Parliament must hold three session..."
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S3
πŸ‘‰ Six-month maximum gap between Parliamentary sessions
πŸ’‘ The insight

The Constitution limits the interval between two sittings to six months, establishing a minimum meeting frequency for Parliament.

High-yield for questions on summoning and session frequency: it directly answers how often Parliament must meet and helps distinguish constitutional requirements from customary practices. Connects to presidential powers to summon and to debates on legislative accountability.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 23: Parliament > Summoning > p. 235
πŸ”— Anchor: "Is it mandatory under the Constitution of India that all three customary session..."
πŸŒ‘ The Hidden Trap

Since they asked about Summoning (Article 85), the logical sibling is the 'Special Address' (Article 87). The President *must* address both Houses assembled together at the commencement of the first session after each general election and the first session of each year. Unlike the '3 sessions' convention, this address is constitutionally mandatory.

⚑ Elimination Cheat Code

Analyze Statement 2: 'The Constitution provides for three sessions... but it is not mandatory.' This is logically inconsistent. Constitutions usually set hard boundaries (minimums/maximums). If a text says 'provides for X but X is optional,' it is almost certainly a Convention, not a Constitutional Article. Eliminate Statement 2.

πŸ”— Mains Connection

Link Statement 3 (No minimum sitting days) to GS-2 Mains: 'Decline of Parliament'. The lack of a fixed calendar allows the Executive to curtail sessions (e.g., shortening Monsoon sessions), thereby evading legislative scrutiny. Compare this with the UK or US where calendars are more rigid.

βœ“ Thank you! We'll review this.

SIMILAR QUESTIONS

CAPF Β· 2008 Β· Q40 Relevance score: 5.09

Consider the following statements : 1. When Vice-President acts as President of India, he ceases to perform the function of the Chairman of Rajya Sabha. 2. The President of India can promulgate Ordinances at any time except when both Houses of Parliament are in session. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

CDS-I Β· 2016 Β· Q61 Relevance score: 4.68

Consider the following statements : 1. The President of India shall have the Β§ower to appoint and remove the peaker of Lok Sabha 2. The Speaker has to discharge the functions of his office himself throughout his term and cannot delegate his functions to the Deputy Speaker during his absence from the station or during his illness Which of the statements given above is / are correct ?

IAS Β· 2023 Β· Q36 Relevance score: 4.47

Consider the following statements : 1. If the election of the President of India is declared void by the Supreme Court of India, all acts done by him/her in the performance of duties of his/her office of President before the date of decision become invalid. 2. Election for the post of the President of India can be postponed on the ground that some Legislative Assemblies have been dissolved and elections are yet to take place. 3. When a Bill is presented to the President of India, the Constitution prescribes time limits within which he/she has to declare his/her assent. How many of the above statements are correct?

IAS Β· 2013 Β· Q93 Relevance score: 4.43

Consider the following statements: 1. The Council of Ministers in the Centre shall be collectively responsible to the Parliament. 2. The Union Ministers shall hold the office during the pleasure of the President of India. 3. The Prime Minister shall communicate to the President about the proposals for legislation. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

CDS-II Β· 2011 Β· Q81 Relevance score: 4.40

Consider the following statements about the powers of the President of India : 1. The President can direct that any matter on which decision has been taken by a Minister should be placed before the Council of Ministers. 2. The President can call all information relating to proposals for legislation. 3. The President has the right to address and send messages to either House of the Parliament. 4. All decisions of the Council of Ministers relating to the adminis- tration of the Union must be communicated to the President. Which of the statements given above are correct ?