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Q27 (IAS/2021) Environment & Ecology › Pollution & Conservation › Hazardous chemical pollutants Official Key

Why is there a concern about copper smelting plants? 1. They may release lethal quantities of carbon monoxide into environment. 2. The copper slag can cause the leaching of some heavy metals into environment. 3. They may release sulphur dioxide as a pollutant. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: B
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 2 (2 and 3 only). Copper smelting is a metallurgical process that involves chemical and environmental risks addressed in the statements below:

  • Statement 1 is incorrect: While smelting involves combustion, these plants are not primary sources of lethal quantities of carbon monoxide. Their primary gaseous emissions are related to the oxidation of sulfide ores.
  • Statement 2 is correct: Copper slag, a byproduct of the smelting process, contains traces of heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium, and lead. If not managed properly, these can leach into the soil and groundwater, causing significant environmental toxicity.
  • Statement 3 is correct: Most copper ores are sulfur-based (like Chalcopyrite). Roasting and smelting these ores releases massive amounts of sulphur dioxide (SO2), a major air pollutant that contributes to acid rain and respiratory issues.

Therefore, since statements 2 and 3 are scientifically validated environmental concerns associated with copper plants, Option 2 is the right choice.

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Q. Why is there a concern about copper smelting plants? 1. They may release lethal quantities of carbon monoxide into environment. 2. The …
At a glance
Origin: Mixed / unclear origin Fairness: Moderate fairness Books / CA: 6.7/10 · 0/10
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Statement 3 (SO2) is a static textbook fact regarding sulphide ores. Statement 2 (Leaching) is standard environmental logic regarding mining waste. Statement 1 is the hurdle: do not look for a book line stating 'Copper plants release lethal CO'; instead, apply the 'Industrial Combustion' heuristic—any high-temperature furnace using carbon fuel *can* release CO.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Are copper smelting plants known to emit carbon monoxide (CO) at concentrations that can be lethal to humans?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 5: Environmental Pollution > Carbon monoxide (CO) > p. 64
Strength: 5/5
“• It is a colourless, odourless gas that is produced by the incomplete burning of carbon-based fuels including petrol, diesel, and wood. • It is also produced from the combustion of natural and synthetic products such as cigarettes. • It lowers the amount of oxygen that enters our blood. • It can slow our reflexes and make us confused and sleepy.”
Why relevant

Defines CO as a product of incomplete burning of carbon-based fuels (petrol, diesel, wood) and notes its toxic effect on human oxygen uptake.

How to extend

A student can infer that any industrial process using carbonaceous fuels (e.g., for smelting furnaces) could produce CO if combustion is incomplete, so one should check whether smelters use such fuels and monitor CO near furnaces.

Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Metals and Non-metals > 3.4.4 Extracting Metals in the Middle of the Activity Series > p. 51
Strength: 4/5
“The metals in the middle of the activity series such as iron, zinc, lead, copper, are moderately reactive. These are usually present as sulphides or carbonates in nature. It is easier to obtain a metal from its oxide, as compared to its sulphides and carbonates. Therefore, prior to reduction, the metal sulphides and carbonates must be converted into metal oxides. The sulphide ores are converted into oxides by heating strongly in the presence of excess air. This process is known as roasting. The carbonate ores are changed into oxides by heating strongly in limited air. This process is known as calcination.”
Why relevant

Describes roasting of sulphide ores by strong heating in air as a step in converting sulphides to oxides prior to metal extraction.

How to extend

A student could link high‑temperature ore processing (roasting/smelting) to potential combustion/chemical gas emissions and thus seek studies measuring CO and other gases from roasting/smelting operations.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 17: Contemporary Issues > 1. Air Pollution > p. 38
Strength: 3/5
“The presence in the Earth's atmosphere of man-caused or manmade contaminants which may adversely affect property, or the lives of plants, animals, or humans. Commonly air pollution include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen oxide, ozone, smoke, and sulphur dioxide. The tremendous increase of vehicles during the last three decades in the country has increased the air pollution, especially in the large cities. Consequently, the urban population is suffering more by cough, nausea, irritation of eyes, and various bronchial and visibility problems. Because of the emission of carbon-dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and suspended particles of lead and heavy metals, the urban environment is more polluted than the rural environment.”
Why relevant

Lists carbon monoxide among common man‑made air pollutants associated with combustion sources in urban/industrial contexts.

How to extend

Use this pattern to suspect industrial plants (including metal works) as potential CO sources and then check location‑specific emission inventories or ambient CO measurements near smelters.

Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 7: Resources > Table 7.7 > p. 16
Strength: 3/5
“Tajola: The Tajola Copper Plant is located in the Raigadh town in Maharashtra. The plant has imported copper cathodes. It manufactures copper rods. Chromite Chromite is an oxide of iron and chromium. It is widely used in metallurgical and chemical industries. The total reserve of chromite is estimated at 210 million tonnes (2016). Odisha, accounting for about 99% of the total production, is the largest producer of chromite. It is mined in Cuttack, Dhenkanal and Keonjhar districts. Karnataka is the second largest producer. In Karnataka, it is mined in Hassan district. Some chromite has been discovered in the Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh and the Tamenglong and Ukhrul districts of Manipur.”
Why relevant

Mentions an actual copper plant (Tajola Copper Plant), establishing that copper smelting/processing facilities exist as local industrial sources.

How to extend

Combine awareness of actual plants with the combustion/roasting clues above to target those specific plants for emission measurements or regulatory records on CO emissions.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 5: Environmental Pollution > a) Sulphur > p. 102
Strength: 2/5
“Anthropogenic sourcesl • Forest fires • Combustion of oil, coal, and gas • (c) Formic acid • Biomass burning due to forest fires causes emission of formic acid (HCOOH) and formaldehyde (HCHO) into the atmosphere. • Large fraction of formaldehyde gets oxidation and forms formic acid in the These are three main compounds that cause acidification of rain in the atmosphere. (d) Other Acids: • Chlorine • Phosphoric acid • Hydrochloric acid (smokestacks). • Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide (automobiles). These become carbonic acid. Re All Rights Reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced in any form or by any means, with out permission in \ riting.”
Why relevant

Refers to smokestacks and combustion sources emitting various gases and groups CO/CO2 with combustion emissions.

How to extend

Suggests consulting smokestack emission profiles or environmental impact assessments for smelters to see whether CO is reported and at what concentrations.

Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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